Acetochlor
(Synonyms: 乙草胺) 目录号 : GC46782
An herbicide
Cas No.:34256-82-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >95.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Acetochlor is an herbicide that completely inhibits shoot growth of oat (A. sativa) and mustard (S. alba) plants when used at a concentration of 2 kg/hectare.1 It accelerates thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis of and alters thyroid hormone-responsive gene expression in X. laevis.2 In vivo, acetochlor induces formation of thyroid, bone, stomach, and nasal tumors in rats as well as liver and lung tumors in mice.3 Acetochlor also induces pericardial edema, thrombosis, circulation defects, and a reduction in the number of cardiomyocytes in zebrafish larvae when administered in tank water at the maximum non-lethal concentration (MNLC) of 9.6 µg/ml.4
1.Jablonkai, I.Alkylating reactivity and herbicidal activity of chloroacetamidesPest. Manag. Sci.59(4)443-450(2003) 2.Crump, D., Werry, K., Veldhoen, N., et al.Exposure to the herbicide acetochlor alters thyroid hormone-dependent gene expression and metamorphosis in Xenopus LaevisEnviron. Health Perspect.110(12)1199-1205(2002) 3.Hurley, P.M.Mode of carcinogenic action of pesticides inducing thyroid follicular cell tumors in rodentsEnviron. Health Perspect.106(8)437-445(1998) 4.Liu, H., Chu, T., Chen, L., et al.In vivo cardiovascular toxicity induced by acetochlor in zebrafish larvaeChemosphere181600-608(2017)
| Cas No. | 34256-82-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 乙草胺 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=CC=CC(CC)=C1N(COCC)C(CCl)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C14H20ClNO2 | 分子量 | 269.8 |
| 溶解度 | Chloroform: Slightly Soluble,DMSO: Slightly Soluble,Water: Slightly Soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.7064 mL | 18.5322 mL | 37.0645 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.7413 mL | 3.7064 mL | 7.4129 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3706 mL | 1.8532 mL | 3.7064 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
The migration of Acetochlor from feed to milk
RSC Adv 2020 Dec 15;10(72):44344-44351.PMID:35517176DOI:10.1039/d0ra06895k.
Acetochlor has been widely used globally for its effective weed control, but the dietary intake of associated residues by people has become a major concern nowadays. Milk is regarded as the best solvent to dissolve pesticides due to its fat-rich characteristic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the transfer of Acetochlor from feed to raw milk. Twenty lactating Australian Holstein cows were randomly chosen and divided into 1 control group and 3 treatment groups, feeding Acetochlor at the dosages of 0, 0.45, 1.35 and 4.05 g per day during the treatment period. The concentration of Acetochlor residues in raw milk was detected by QuEChERS together with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The results showed that the highest concentrations of Acetochlor residues in raw milk for the three treatment groups had a positive correlation with the dosage levels and the transfer efficiency of the low dose group was only 0.080%, higher than those of the other two groups. Besides, the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of Acetochlor from milk is 1.67 × 10-5 mg kg-1, which is 0.08% of the ADI. Overall, we concluded that the risk of Acetochlor residues in milk was low, but high-dose Acetochlor had a larger impact on milk quality and low-dose Acetochlor had potential risks.
Estimating the bioavailability of Acetochlor to wheat using in situ pore water and passive sampling
Sci Total Environ 2022 Aug 10;833:155239.PMID:35421494DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155239.
The intensive use of Acetochlor in China leads to its extensive existence in soil which may result in contamination of crops and commodities. Therefore, it is vital to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of Acetochlor to crops. In this study, four measurements involved in in situ pore water extraction (CIPW), passive sampling extraction (Cfree), ex situ pore water extraction (CEPW), and organic solvent extraction (Csoil) were conducted to assess the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of Acetochlor to wheat plant plants in five soils. The results showed that the Acetochlor concentrations accumulated in wheat foliage and roots were in the range of 0.11-0.87 mg/kg and 0.09-2.02 mg/kg in the five tested soils, respectively, and had a significant correlation with the Acetochlor values analyzed by CIPW (R2 = 0.83-0.90, p < 0.0001) or the Cfree method (R2 = 0.86-0.92, p < 0.0001). The Acetochlor concentrations in the five soils measured by these two methods were also correlated with the IC50 values of Acetochlor in wheat foliage and roots (R2 > 0.69, p ≤ 0.05). The results indicated that the CIPW and Cfree methods were effective in evaluating Acetochlor toxicity to wheat and the Acetochlor concentrations in wheat. The effects of soil physical and chemical properties including pH, organic matter content (OMC), clay content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) on the Acetochlor toxicity to wheat were analyzed, and soil OMC was found to be the dominant factor affecting the toxicity of Acetochlor in the soil-wheat system.
Tea polyphenols alleviates acetochlor-induced apoptosis and necroptosis via ROS/MAPK/NF-κB signaling in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells
Aquat Toxicol 2022 May;246:106153.PMID:35381412DOI:10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106153.
Overuse of Acetochlor pollutes soil and rivers, causing threats to the ecosystem. Studies found that Acetochlor exposure could damage multiple organs and tissues in fish and mammal. Tea polyphenols (TP), a natural antioxidant that extracted from tea, has been widely used in food and feed additions. However, the mechanism by which Acetochlor causes tissue damage is unclear, and its mitigating agent has yet to be developed. Therefore, we established Acetochlor exposure and TP mitigation models by treating Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells with 20 μM Acetochlor and/or 2.5 μg/mL TP for 24 h, and detected the programmed cell death and its related pathways. The results showed that Acetochlor exposure modified antioxidant enzyme activities, induced oxidative stress, resulted in the decline of MMP and ATP levels, enhanced glycolysis and lactate accumulation, and triggered apoptosis and necroptosis in CIK cells. However, TP could inhibit CYP450s expression, activate Nrf2 pathway, enhance antioxidant capacity, further effectively alleviate acetochlor-induced CIK cell death. Overall, the present study proved that Acetochlor exposure triggered mitochondrial damage and lactate accumulation-mediated apoptosis and necroptosis through CYP450s/ROS/MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, TP could alleviate effectively cell death through relieving oxidative stress and lightening Warburg-like effect.
Acetochlor affects zebrafish ovarian development by producing estrogen effects and inducing oxidative stress
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020 Aug;27(22):27688-27696.PMID:32394252DOI:10.1007/s11356-020-09050-2.
Acetochlor is one of the most widely used pesticides worldwide and widely distributed in the water environment. However, studies on the reproductive influence of Acetochlor are still limited. To investigate the impact and potential mechanism of Acetochlor on fish ovarian development, zebrafish were utilized as experiment models. The ovarian histology, ovarian development-related genes, and plasma oxidative stress-related indexes were investigated following Acetochlor (at nominal concentration 1, 10, and 100 μg/L) exposure for 7 and 21 days. Results showed that low-dose Acetochlor had estrogen effect and induced zebrafish estradiol (E2) and ovarian vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis and promoted ovarian development, while long-term exposure to higher doses of Acetochlor reduced the ability of ovarian resistance to oxidative stress and destroyed the development of the ovary. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein 15 (bmp15) and growth differentiation factor 9 (gdf9) were also involved in the influence of Acetochlor on the ovarian development of zebrafish.
Sulfate-Dependent Anaerobic Degradation of Herbicide Acetochlor by a Sulfate-Reducing Bacterium Cupidesulfovibrio sp. SRB-5
J Agric Food Chem 2022 Oct 19;70(41):13340-13348.PMID:36198124DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03327.
Acetochlor, an important chloroacetamide herbicide (CAAH) widely used in agriculture, has resulted in environmental contamination, especially of anoxic habitats. In this study, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, designated as SRB-5, was isolated from anaerobic activated sludge and was identified as Cupidesulfovibrio sp. This bacterium possesses a novel anaerobic pathway capable of degrading Acetochlor. In this pathway, sulfate is first reduced to sulfide, which attacks the C-Cl bond of Acetochlor and abiotically forms acetochlor-thioalcohol and dis-S-acetochlor. These further undergo microbial degradation, producing the intermediates Acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-6-ethylaniline, and 2-ethylaniline. The degradation half-times of Acetochlor (100 μM) by strain SRB-5 were 2.4 and 4.2 days in industrial wastewater and paddy sludge, respectively. Strain SRB-5 could also degrade alachlor, propisochlor, butachlor, pretilachlor, and metolachlor, and the degradation kinetics fit the pseudo-first-order kinetics equation. This work highlights the potential application of strain SRB-5 for the remediation of CAAHs-contaminated sites.