Adipic acid
(Synonyms: 己二酸) 目录号 : GC33805
Adipic acid (Hexanedioic acid) is an important dicarboxylic acid used for the manufacture of nylon and polyurethane plastics.
Cas No.:124-04-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Adipic acid (Hexanedioic acid) is an important dicarboxylic acid used for the manufacture of nylon and polyurethane plastics.
[1] Jing Sun, et al. J Biotechnol. 2018 Aug 20;280:49-54.
| Cas No. | 124-04-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 己二酸 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C6H10O4 | 分子量 | 146.14 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 29mg/mL; Water : 29mg/mL | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 6.8428 mL | 34.2138 mL | 68.4275 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.3686 mL | 6.8428 mL | 13.6855 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.6843 mL | 3.4214 mL | 6.8428 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Biobased Adipic acid - The challenge of developing the production host
Biotechnol Adv 2018 Dec;36(8):2248-2263.PMID:30389426DOI:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.10.012.
Adipic acid is a platform chemical, and is the most important commercial dicarboxylic acid. It has been targeted for biochemical conversion as an alternative to present chemical production routes. From the perspective of bioeconomy, several kinds of raw material are of interest including the sugar platform (derived from starch, cellulose or hemicellulose), the lignin platform (aromatics) and the fatty acid platform (lipid derived). Two main biochemical-based production schemes may be employed: (i) direct fermentation to Adipic acid, or (ii) fermentation to muconic or glucaric acid, followed by chemical hydrogenation (indirect fermentation). This review presents a comprehensive description of the metabolic pathways that could be constructed and analyzes their respective theoretical yields and metabolic constraints. The experimental yields and titers obtained so far are low, with the exception of processes based on palm oil and glycerol, which have been reported to yield up to 50 g and 68 g Adipic acid/L, respectively. The challenges that remain to be addressed in order to achieve industrially relevant production levels include solving redox constraints, and identifying and/or engineering enzymes for parts of the metabolic pathways that have yet to be metabolically demonstrated. This review provides new insights into ways in which metabolic pathways can be constructed to achieve efficient Adipic acid production. The production host provides the chassis to be engineered via an appropriate metabolic pathway, and should also have properties suitable for the industrial production of Adipic acid. An acidic process pH is attractive to reduce the cost of downstream processing. The production host should exhibit high tolerance to complex raw material streams and high Adipic acid concentrations at acidic pH.
Sustainable Routes for the Synthesis of Renewable Adipic acid from Biomass Derivatives
ChemSusChem 2022 Jan 10;15(1):e202101531.PMID:34716751DOI:10.1002/cssc.202101531.
Adipic acid (AA) is a key industrial dicarboxylic acid intermediate used in nylon manufacturing. Unfortunately, the traditional process technology is accompanied by serious environmental pollution. Given the growing demand for Adipic acid and the desire to reduce its negative impact on the environment, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing more green and friendly routes. This Review is focused on the latest advances in the sustainable preparation of AA from biomass-based platform molecules, including 5-hydroxymethylfufural, glucose, γ-valerolactone, and phenolic compounds, through biocatalysis, chemocatalysis, and the combination of both. Additionally, the development of state-of-the-art catalysts for different catalytic systems systematically is discussed and summarized, as well as their reaction mechanisms. Finally, the prospects for all preparation routes are critically evaluated and key technical challenges in the development of green and sustainable processes for the manufacture of AA are highlighted. It is hoped that the green Adipic acid synthesis pathways presented can provide insights and guidance for further research into other industrial processes for the production of nylon precursors in the future.
Toxicity of Adipic acid
Drug Chem Toxicol 2002 May;25(2):191-202.PMID:12024802DOI:10.1081/dct-120003259.
Adipic acid has very low acute toxicity in rats with an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. Adipic acid produced mild to no skin irritation on intact guinea pig skin as a 50% concentration in propylene glycol; it was not a skin sensitizer. Adipic acid caused mild conjunctival irritation in washed rabbit eyes; in unwashed rabbit eyes, there was mild conjunctival irritation, minimal iritis, but no corneal effects. Adipic acid dust may irritate the mucous membranes of the lungs and nose. In a 2-year feeding study, rats fed Adipic acid at concentrations up to 5% in the diet exhibited only weight loss. Adipic acid is not genetically active in a wide variety of assay systems. Adipic acid caused no developmental toxicity in mice, rats, rabbits, or hamsters when administered orally. Adipic acid is partially metabolized in humans; the balance is eliminated unchanged in the urine. Adipic acid is slightly to moderately toxic to fish, daphnia, and algae in acute tests.
Metabolic engineering strategies to bio-adipic acid production
Curr Opin Biotechnol 2017 Jun;45:136-143.PMID:28365404DOI:10.1016/j.copbio.2017.03.006.
Adipic acid is the most industrially important dicarboxylic acid as it is a key monomer in the synthesis of nylon. Today, Adipic acid is obtained via a chemical process that relies on petrochemical precursors and releases large quantities of greenhouse gases. In the last two years, significant progress has been made in engineering microbes for the production of Adipic acid and its immediate precursors, muconic acid and glucaric acid. Not only have the microbial substrates expanded beyond glucose and glycerol to include lignin monomers and hemicellulose components, but the number of microbial chassis now goes further than Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to include microbes proficient in aromatic degradation, cellulose secretion and degradation of multiple carbon sources. Here, we review the metabolic engineering and nascent protein engineering strategies undertaken in each of these chassis to convert different feedstocks to adipic, muconic and glucaric acid. We also highlight near term prospects and challenges for each of the metabolic routes discussed.
Toward biotechnological production of Adipic acid and precursors from biorenewables
J Biotechnol 2013 Aug 20;167(2):75-84.PMID:22824738DOI:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.07.008.
Adipic acid is the most important commercial aliphatic dicarboxylic acid in the chemical industry and is primarily used for the production of nylon-6,6 polyamide. The current Adipic acid market volume is about 2.6 million tons/y and the average annual demand growth rate forecast to stay at 3-3.5% worldwide. Hitherto, the industrial production of Adipic acid is carried out by petroleum-based chemo-catalytic processes from non-renewable fossil fuels. However, in the past years, efforts were made to find alternative routes for Adipic acid production from renewable carbon sources by biotechnological processes. Here we review the approaches and the progress made toward bio-based production of Adipic acid.