AFN-1252
(Synonyms: API-1252; Debio 1452) 目录号 : GC40646
An FabI inhibitor
Cas No.:620175-39-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
AFN-1252(Debio 1452) is a potent inhibitor of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI), inhibited all clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at concentrations of ≤0.12 μg/ml. IC50 value:Target: Antibiotic agentAFN-1252 was inactive (MIC90, >4 μg/ml) against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococci, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteriaceae, nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, and Moraxella catarrhalis. These data support the continued development of AFN-1252 for the treatment of patients with resistant staphylococcal infections.
References:
[1]. Karlowsky JA, et al. AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Aug;53(8):3544-8.
[2]. Narasimha Rao K, et al. AFN-1252 is a potent inhibitor of enoyl-ACP reductase from Burkholderia pseudomallei-Crystal structure, mode of action, and biological activity. Protein Sci. 2015 May;24(5):832-40.
[3]. Yao J, et al. Resistance to AFN-1252 arises from missense mutations in Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI). J Biol Chem. 2013 Dec 20;288(51):36261-71.
[4]. Parsons JB, et al. Perturbation of Staphylococcus aureus gene expression by the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitor AFN-1252. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 May;57(5):2182-90.
| Cas No. | 620175-39-5 | SDF | |
| 别名 | API-1252; Debio 1452 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1CCC2=CC(/C=C/C(N(CC3=C(C)C(C=CC=C4)=C4O3)C)=O)=CNC2=N1 | ||
| 分子式 | C22H21N3O3 | 分子量 | 375.4 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 5.8 mg/mL (15.45 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.6638 mL | 13.3191 mL | 26.6383 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5328 mL | 2.6638 mL | 5.3277 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2664 mL | 1.3319 mL | 2.6638 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
AFN-1252 in vitro absorption studies and pharmacokinetics following microdosing in healthy subjects
Eur J Pharm Sci 2013 Nov 20;50(3-4):440-6.PMID:23988847DOI:10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.019.
Objectives: To investigate the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of AFN-1252, a novel inhibitor of the essential FabI enzyme in Staphylococcus spp., in vitro and following microdosing in healthy adult male subjects following intravenous and oral administration. Methods: Three ADME studies, comprising a Caco-2 assay, a rat intestinal perfusion model and a microdosing study in healthy human volunteers, were conducted. Results: The Caco-2 assay indicated that AFN-1252 in solution is well-absorbed and undergoes insignificant efflux, and its transport across the intestinal wall is probably passive. In the rat intestinal perfusion model, AFN-1252 exhibited high permeability potential across three segments, in the rank order of jejunum=ileum>colon. Taken together with the low aqueous solubility, the data from these studies indicate that AFN-1252 is a BCS Class II molecule with solubility-limited absorption. Analysis of the [(14)C]-AFN-1252 radioactivity concentration-time data indicated similar pharmacokinetics following intravenous and oral administration in the microdosing study in healthy volunteers. These included long terminal half-lives of ∼7 h and 83% bioavailability, indicating that there was little first-pass metabolism following oral dosing. AFN-1252 exhibited good distribution to skin and skin structures where its anti-staphylococcal activity may be required. Urinary and faecal excretion are major elimination routes for [(14)C]-AFN-1252 following intravenous or oral administration. Conclusions: AFN-1252 has the potential for both intravenous and oral administration, once- or twice-daily dosing and good tissue distribution in humans. Further safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetic studies in man are required to investigate therapeutically-relevant doses for this novel agent and its targeted selectivity and high potency against Staphylococcus spp.
AFN-1252 is a potent inhibitor of enoyl-ACP reductase from Burkholderia pseudomallei--Crystal structure, mode of action, and biological activity
Protein Sci 2015 May;24(5):832-40.PMID:25644789DOI:10.1002/pro.2655.
Melioidosis is a tropical bacterial infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei; Bpm), a Gram-negative bacterium. Current therapeutic options are largely limited to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and β-lactam drugs, and the treatment duration is about 4 months. Moreover, resistance has been reported to these drugs. Hence, there is a pressing need to develop new antibiotics for Melioidosis. Inhibition of enoyl-ACP reducatase (FabI), a key enzyme in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway has shown significant promise for antibacterial drug development. FabI has been identified as the major enoyl-ACP reductase present in B. pseudomallei. In this study, we evaluated AFN-1252, a Staphylococcus aureus FabI inhibitor currently in clinical development, for its potential to bind to BpmFabI enzyme and inhibit B. pseudomallei bacterial growth. AFN-1252 stabilized BpmFabI and inhibited the enzyme activity with an IC50 of 9.6 nM. It showed good antibacterial activity against B. pseudomallei R15 strain, isolated from a melioidosis patient (MIC of 2.35 mg/L). X-ray structure of BpmFabI with AFN-1252 was determined at a resolution of 2.3 Å. Complex of BpmFabI with AFN-1252 formed a symmetrical tetrameric structure with one molecule of AFN-1252 bound to each monomeric subunit. The kinetic and thermal melting studies supported the finding that AFN-1252 can bind to BpmFabI independent of cofactor. The structural and mechanistic insights from these studies might help the rational design and development of new FabI inhibitors.
Ternary complex formation of AFN-1252 with Acinetobacter baumannii FabI and NADH: Crystallographic and biochemical studies
Chem Biol Drug Des 2020 Aug;96(2):704-713.PMID:32227402DOI:10.1111/cbdd.13686.
Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, associated mostly with hospital-acquired infections. The emergence of drug resistance strains made it necessary to explore new pathways for the development of more effective antibiotics. Enoyl CoA reductase (FabI), a key enzyme in the fatty acid biosynthesis (FAS) pathway, has emerged as a potential target for antibacterial drug development. Earlier reports show that the lead SaFabI inhibitor AFN-1252 can inhibit FabI from other organisms including Escherichia coli and Burkholderia pseudomallei, but with differential potency. In the present work, we show that AFN-1252 is a moderate inhibitor of AbFabI with an IC50 of 216 nM. AFN-1252 stabilized AbFabI with a 4.2°C increase in the melting temperature (Tm ) and, interestingly, the stabilization effect was significantly increased in presence of the cofactor NADH (∆Tm = 17°C), suggesting the formation of a ternary complex AbFabI: AFN-1252: NADH. X-ray crystallography studies of AbFabI co-crystalized with AFN-1252 and NADH confirmed the ternary complex formation. The critical interactions of AFN-1252 with AbFabI and NADH identified from the co-crystal structure may facilitate the design and development of new drugs against A. baumannii infections by targeting the FAS pathway.
AFN-1252, a FabI inhibitor, demonstrates a Staphylococcus-specific spectrum of activity
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009 Aug;53(8):3544-8.PMID:19487444DOI:10.1128/AAC.00400-09.
AFN-1252, a potent inhibitor of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI), inhibited all clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (n = 502) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 51) tested, including methicillin (meticillin)-resistant isolates, at concentrations of
Resistance to AFN-1252 arises from missense mutations in Staphylococcus aureus enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI)
J Biol Chem 2013 Dec 20;288(51):36261-71.PMID:24189061DOI:10.1074/jbc.M113.512905.
AFN-1252 is a potent antibiotic against Staphylococcus aureus that targets the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI). A thorough screen for AFN-1252-resistant strains was undertaken to identify the spectrum of mechanisms for acquired resistance. A missense mutation in fabI predicted to encode FabI(M99T) was isolated 49 times, and a single isolate was predicted to encode FabI(Y147H). AFN-1252 only bound to the NADPH form of FabI, and the close interactions between the drug and Met-99 and Tyr-147 explained how the mutations would result in resistant enzymes. The clone expressing FabI(Y147H) had a pronounced growth defect that was rescued by exogenous fatty acid supplementation, and the purified protein had less than 5% of the enzymatic activity of FabI. FabI(Y147F) was also catalytically defective but retained its sensitivity to AFN-1252, illustrating the importance of the conserved Tyr-147 hydroxyl group in FabI function. The strains expressing FabI(M99T) exhibited normal growth, and the biochemical properties of the purified protein were indistinguishable from those of FabI. The AFN-1252 Ki(app) increased from 4 nm in FabI to 69 nm in FabI(M99T), accounting for the increased resistance of the corresponding mutant strain. The low activity of FabI(Y147H) precluded an accurate Ki measurement. The strain expressing FabI(Y147H) was also resistant to triclosan; however, the strain expressing FabI(M99T) was more susceptible. Strains with higher levels of AFN-1252 resistance were not obtained. The AFN-1252-resistant strains remained sensitive to submicromolar concentrations of AFN-1252, which blocked growth through inhibition of fatty acid biosynthesis at the FabI step.