Ajugol
(Synonyms: 益母草苷) 目录号 : GC30178
Leonuride (Ajugol), an active alkaloid that is extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine Herba leonuri, is a terpene glycoside that can be used for some gynecological disease.
Cas No.:52949-83-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
;)
,-1-7$$$37316672.jpg');)
;)
;)
$$$36806353.jpg');)
;33(7)%EF%BC%9A546-561$$$37156877.jpg');)
;)
;)
;)
%201124-1138.$$$35908550.jpg');)
%20766-780.$$$37100057.jpg');)
%20418-432.$$$36893736.jpg');)
%EF%BC%9A-240-255.$$$35108512.jpg');)
533-545$$$36543525.jpg');)
%201-13.$$$36600053.jpg');)
;)
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Leonuride (Ajugol), an active alkaloid that is extracted from Traditional Chinese Medicine Herba leonuri, is a terpene glycoside that can be used for some gynecological disease.
| Cas No. | 52949-83-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 益母草苷 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O[C@H]1[C@](O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O)([H])O[C@H](OC=C2)[C@@]3([H])[C@]2([H])[C@H](O)C[C@@]3(O)C | ||
| 分子式 | C15H24O9 | 分子量 | 348.35 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : ≥ 3.7 mg/mL (10.62 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C,protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
||
| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.8707 mL | 14.3534 mL | 28.7068 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5741 mL | 2.8707 mL | 5.7414 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2871 mL | 1.4353 mL | 2.8707 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Ajugol enhances TFEB-mediated lysosome biogenesis and lipophagy to alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Pharmacol Res 2021 Dec;174:105964.34732369 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105964
Lipophagy is the autophagic degradation of lipid droplets. Dysregulated lipophagy has been implicated in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Ajugol is an active alkaloid isolated from the root of Rehmannia glutinosa which is commonly used to treat various inflammatory and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Ajugol on alleviating hepatic steatosis and sought to determine whether its potential mechanism via the key lysosome-mediated process of lipophagy. Our findings showed that Ajugol significantly improved high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice and inhibited palmitate-induced lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Further analysis found that hepatic steatosis promoted the expression of LC3-II, an autophagosome marker, but led to autophagic flux blockade due to a lack of lysosomes. Ajugol also enhanced lysosomal biogenesis and promoted the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome to improve impaired autophagic flux and hepatosteatosis. Mechanistically, Ajugol inactivated mammalian target of rapamycin and induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor EB (TFEB), an essential regulator of lysosomal biogenesis. siRNA-mediated knockdown of TFEB significantly abrogated ajugol-induced lysosomal biogenesis as well as autophagosome-lysosome fusion and lipophagy. We conclude that lysosomal deficit is a critical mediator of hepatic steatosis, and Ajugol may alleviate NAFLD via promoting the TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal pathway and lipophagy.
A novel absorbent, HOF-3@PU: Preparation and application for sustainable and efficient purification of catalpol and Ajugol from Rehmannia glutinosa leaves
Nat Prod Res 2022 Sep 7;1-7.36070589 10.1080/14786419.2022.2119968
This study introduced the preparation of a novel HOF-loaded PU sponge (HOF-3@PU) composite for the sustainable and efficient purification of catalpol and Ajugol from Rehmannia glutinosa leaves for the first time. HOF-3 was selected as the best adsorbent from the five synthesised HOFs. HOF-3@PU was prepared by ultrasonication, and the loading conditions were optimised. The results showed that the optimum adsorption conditions are as follows: adsorption liquid volume: 160 mL, flow rate: 3.0 mL/min, pH: 6.0, concentration: 1.62 mg/mL for catalpol and 2.18 mg/mL for Ajugol. The optimum desorption conditions are as follows: desorption agent: ethanol, volume fraction: 60%, flow rate: 2.0 mL/min, volume: 300 mL and pH: 6.0. Under the optimal process conditions, the adsorption capacities of catalpol and Ajugol were 75.62 and 68.41 mg/g, the desorption rates were 78.5 and 86.4% and the purities were 38.7 and 36.5%, respectively.
A novel iridoid glycoside leonuride (Ajugol) attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling through inhibiting type-2 high cytokine/chemokine activity in OVA-induced asthmatic mice
Phytomedicine 2022 Oct;105:154345.35905568 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154345
Background: Asthma is a chronic airway disorder with a hallmark feature of airflow obstruction that associated with the remodeling and inflammation in the airway wall. Effective therapy for controlling both remodeling and inflammation is still urgently needed. Leonuride is the main pharmacological component identified from Bu-Shen-Yi-Qi-Tang (BSYQT) which has been traditionally used in treatment of lung diseases. However, no pharmacological effects of leonuride in asthma were reported. Purpose: Here we aimed to investigated whether leonuride provided a therapeutic efficacy in reversing asthma airway remodeling and inflammation and uncover the underlying mechanisms. Study design and methods: Mouse models of chronic asthma were developed with ovalbumin (OVA) exposure for 8 weeks. Respiratory mechanics, lung histopathology and asthma-related cytokines were examined. Lung tissues were analyzed using RNA sequencing to reveal the transcriptional profiling changes. Results: After oral administration with leonuride (15 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg), mice exhibited a lower airway hyperresponsiveness in comparison to asthmatic mice. Leonuride suppressed airway inflammation evidenced by the significant reductions in accumulation of inflammatory cells around bronchi and vessels, leukocyte population counts and the abundance of type 2 inflammatory mediators (OVA specific IgE, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). On the other hand, leonuride slowed down the process of active remodeling as demonstrated by weaker goblet cell metaplasia and subepithelial fibrosis in lung histopathology and lower transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels in serum and BALF in comparison to mice treated with OVA only. Furthermore, we uncovered transcriptional profiling alternations in lung tissue of mice after OVA exposure and leonuride treatment. Gene sets belonging to type-2 cytokine/chemokine activity stood out in leonuride target transcripts. Those upregulated (Bmp10, Ccl12, Ccl22, Ccl8, Ccl9, Cxcl15, Il13, Il33, Tnfrsf9, Il31ra, Il5ra, Il13ra2 and Ccl24) or downregulated (Acvr1c and Il18) genes in asthmatic mice, were all reversely regulated by leonuride treatment. Conclusions: Our results revealed the therapeutic efficacy of leonuride in experimental chronic asthma for the first time, and implied that its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties might be mediated by regulation of type-2 high cytokine/chemokines responses.
Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Aucubin, Ajugol and Catalpol in rats using a validated simultaneous LC-ESI-MS/MS assay
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015 Oct 1;1002:245-53.26342167 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.026
To enable an investigation of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Aucubin, Ajugol and Catalpol in rats, a high-performance liquid chromatography-electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the three compounds. Biological samples were prepared by a simple protein precipitation with methanol (containing 0.05% formic acid). The analytes were separated by a C18 reversed phase column and detected with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in the multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode to monitor the precursor-to-product ion transitions of m/z 364.3↿49.0 for Aucubin, m/z 366.5↿51.1 for Ajugol, m/z 380.0↿83.3 for Catalpol and m/z 530.3↿83.1 for Picroside-II (IS) in positive ionization. Good linearity of each calibration curve was produced over the concentration range of 1-1000ng/mL. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 1ng/mL for the three analytes. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of Aucubin, Ajugol and Catalpol in rat. The current results revealed pharmacokinetic behaviors of the herb compound and provided novel evidence of the presence of Aucubin and Catalpol in rat brain. The acquired data would be helpful for the clinical application and further studies of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) with active ingredients of Iridoid Glycosides.
Chiroptical properties of Ajugol investigated by quantum chemical calculation using time-dependent density functional theory
J Asian Nat Prod Res 2013;15(6):670-9.23777271 10.1080/10286020.2013.802691
The chiroptical properties of an iridoid glycoside Ajugol were fully investigated by quantum chemical calculations of specific optical rotation at the sodium D line ([α]D value), optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). TDDFT calculations of the [α]D value and ORD of Ajugol over the range of 365-633 nm were in good agreement with the experimental data. The predicted ECD spectrum of Ajugol was also consistent with the experiment, showing a strong negative Cotton effect (CE) at around 190 nm and a weak positive CE at around 220 nm. Our results unambiguously determined the absolute configuration (AC) of the aglycone part of Ajugol as (1S, 5R, 6R, 8S, 9S) and supported the generally accepted AC assignments of iridoid glycosides. Semi-empirical rule for the enol ether chromophore, basis set selection, and effect of glucose group on ECD spectra were also discussed in the case of Ajugol.