Amarogentin
(Synonyms: 苦龙胆酯苷) 目录号 : GC42776
A secoiridoid glycoside with diverse biological activities
Cas No.:21018-84-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Amarogentin is a secoiridoid glycoside that has been found in Swertia and has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-leishmanial properties. It inhibits the growth of SNU-16 human gastric cancer cells (IC50 = 12.4 µM after 48 hours) and increases apoptosis when used at a concentration of 50 µM. Amarogentin (10-50 mg/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently reduces tumor growth in a SNU-16 nude mouse xenograft model. It reduces plasma glucose levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin in a dose-dependent manner and reverses the STZ-induced increase in soleus muscle levels of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) when administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Amarogentin reduces parasite burden in the spleen of hamsters infected with L. donovani in a dose-dependent manner.
| Cas No. | 21018-84-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 苦龙胆酯苷 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1OCC[C@]2([H])C1=CO[C@@H](O[C@]3([H])O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3OC(C4=C(C5=CC=CC(O)=C5)C=C(O)C=C4O)=O)[C@@H]2C=C | ||
| 分子式 | C29H30O13 | 分子量 | 586.5 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 100 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 0.1 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.705 mL | 8.5251 mL | 17.0503 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.341 mL | 1.705 mL | 3.4101 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1705 mL | 0.8525 mL | 1.705 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Amarogentin as Topical Anticancer and Anti-Infective Potential: Scope of Lipid Based Vesicular in its Effective Delivery
Recent Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2019;14(1):7-15.PMID:30210007DOI:10.2174/1574891X13666180913154355.
There is a need for the development of liposomes based nanomedicines formulation for better efficacy and safety of the available drugs in the market. Liposomes have various applications in the field of pharmaceutical and medical field for their drug target potential, diagnostic importance and imaging techniques. Natural plant based drugs and their derivatives have been used in the medicine, nutraceuticals, perfumery, cosmetic and beverages industry. More than half of the prescribed drugs in the worldwide are mainly derived from different natural sources. Development of plant derived product is an emerging field of food, pharmaceutical and health industries. Plants belonging to the Gentianaecae family are well known for their bitter taste and Swertia chirata is one of best plants among them. Various active phytochemical of Swertia chirata are bitter secoiridoids like gentiopicroside, Amarogentin, swertiamarin, isovitexin and isogentisin. People use different species of Swertia in the form of decoction, infusion, paste and juice for the treatment of fever and enteric diseases. Swertia chirata possesses anticarcinogenic, antioxidative, hypoglycemic, antihepatotoxic, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Amarogentin, a bitter secoiridoid glycoside present in Swertia chirata plant is an activator of human bitter taste receptor. Pharmacologically, Amarogentin has antibacterial, antihepatitis, anticholinergic and chemopreventive activities, moreover, Amarogentin has been proven for their anti-lieshmanial activity. Other studies also suggested that Amarogentin acts on liver carcinogenesis, skin carcinogenesis and reduced tumour progression. In the present review, we have collected and compiled the data regarding biological sources, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, anticancer and anti-infective potential of Amarogentin. For better understanding of various aspects of Amarogentin, we have also discussed Swertia chirayita in a very concise manner. Further data related to various patents on Amarogentin have also been discussed in this manuscript. However, we also admit that new advance biological research will also increase the medicinal and pharmacological value of Amarogentin. Information regarding the chemistry of Amarogentin, its biological sources, bioavailability as a pharmacological agent for the treatment and management of skin disorders and various forms of cancers will be beneficial to the scientists in the medicinal field.
Amarogentin ameliorates diabetic disorders in animal models
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016 Nov;389(11):1215-1223.PMID:27485449DOI:10.1007/s00210-016-1283-x.
Amarogentin is a bitter-tasting secoiridoid glycoside isolated from an herb. Inhibition of aldose reductase by Amarogentin has been documented as an antidiabetic action. However, the mechanisms of action of Amarogentin in diabetic disorders remain unknown. The present study employed streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic (T1DM) rats to investigate the antihyperglycemic action of Amarogentin. Changes in the protein expression of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in skeletal muscle and liver, respectively, were also detected by Western blotting. Additionally, a type 2 diabetes (T2DM) animal model induced using a fructose-rich diet was also applied to assess the effect of Amarogentin on insulin resistance according to the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Amarogentin dose-dependently attenuated hyperglycemia in the T1DM rats lacking insulin. The action of Amarogentin was further supported in rats administered the oral glucose tolerance test. Western blotting showed that Amarogentin reversed the decreased GLUT4 level in skeletal muscle and reduced the elevated PEPCK expression in livers isolated from the T1DM rats. Moreover, Amarogentin decreased the HOMA-IR and increased insulin sensitivity in the T2DM rats. These data show that Amarogentin may ameliorate glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats, indicating its potential for future development as an antidiabetic drug.
Amarogentin from Gentiana rigescens Franch Exhibits Antiaging and Neuroprotective Effects through Antioxidative Stress
Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020 Aug 1;2020:3184019.PMID:32831994DOI:10.1155/2020/3184019.
In the present study, the replicative lifespan assay of yeast was used to guide the isolation of antiaging substance from Gentiana rigescens Franch, a traditional Chinese medicine. A compound with antiaging effect was isolated, and the chemical structure of this molecule as Amarogentin was identified by spectral analysis and compared with the reported data. It significantly extended the replicative lifespan of K6001 yeast at doses of 1, 3, and 10 μM. Furthermore, Amarogentin improved the survival rate of yeast under oxidative stress by increasing the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and these enzymes' gene expression. In addition, this compound did not extend the replicative lifespan of sod1, sod2, uth1, and skn7 mutants with K6001 background. These results suggested that Amarogentin exhibited antiaging effect on yeast via increase of SOD2, CAT, GPx gene expression, enzyme activity, and antioxidative stress. Moreover, we evaluated antioxidant activity of this natural products using PC12 cell system, a useful model for studying the nervous system at the cellular level. Amarogentin significantly improved the survival rate of PC12 cells under H2O2-induced oxidative stress and increased the activities of SOD and SOD2, and gene expression of SOD2, CAT, GPx, Nrf2, and Bcl-x1. Meanwhile, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of PC12 cells were significantly reduced after treatment of the Amarogentin. These results indicated that antioxidative stress play an important role for antiaging and neuroprotection of Amarogentin. Interestingly, Amarogentin exhibited neuritogenic activity in PC12 cells. Therefore, the natural products, Amarogentin from G. rigescens with antioxidant activity could be a good candidate molecule to develop drug for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Amarogentin Displays Immunomodulatory Effects in Human Mast Cells and Keratinocytes
Mediators Inflamm 2015;2015:630128.PMID:26600671DOI:10.1155/2015/630128.
Keratinocytes express the bitter taste receptors TAS2R1 and TAS2R38. Amarogentin as an agonist for TAS2R1 and other TAS2Rs promotes keratinocyte differentiation. Similarly, mast cells are known to express bitter taste receptors. The aim of this study was to assess whether bitter compounds display immunomodulatory effects on these immunocompetent cells in the skin, so that they might be a target in chronic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Here, we investigated the impact of Amarogentin on substance P-induced release of histamine and TNF-α from the human mast cell line LAD-2. Furthermore, the effect of Amarogentin on HaCaT keratinocytes costimulated with TNF-α and histamine was investigated. Amarogentin inhibited in LAD-2 cells substance P-induced production of newly synthesized TNF-α, but the degranulation and release of stored histamine were not affected. In HaCaT keratinocytes histamine and TNF-α induced IL-8 and MMP-1 expression was reduced by Amarogentin to a similar extent as with azelastine. In conclusion Amarogentin displays immunomodulatory effects in the skin by interacting with mast cells and keratinocytes.
Amarogentin regulates self renewal pathways to restrict liver carcinogenesis in experimental mouse model
Mol Carcinog 2016 Jul;55(7):1138-49.PMID:26154024DOI:10.1002/mc.22356.
Amarogentin, a secoiridoid glycoside isolated from medicinal plant Swertia chirata, was found to restrict CCl4 /N-nitrosodiethyl amine (NDEA) induced mouse liver carcinogenesis by modulating G1/S cell cycle check point and inducing apoptosis. To understand its therapeutic efficacy on stem cell self renewal pathways, prevalence of CD44 positive cancer stem cell (CSC) population, expressions (mRNA/protein) of some key regulatory genes of self renewal Wnt and Hedgehog pathways along with expressions of E-cadherin and EGFR were analyzed during the liver carcinogenesis and in liver cancer cell line HepG2. It was observed that Amarogentin could significantly reduce CD44 positive CSCs in both pre and post initiation stages of carcinogenesis than carcinogen control mice. In Wnt pathway, Amarogentin could inhibit expressions of β-catenin, phospho β-catenin (Y-654) and activate expressions of antagonists sFRP1/2 and APC in the liver lesions. In Hedgehog pathway, decreased expressions of Gli1, sonic hedgehog ligand, and SMO along with up-regulation of PTCH1 were seen in the liver lesions due to Amarogentin treatment. Moreover, Amarogentin could up-regulate E-cadherin expression and down-regulate expression of EGFR in the liver lesions. Similarly, Amarogentin could inhibit HepG2 cell growth along with expression and prevalence of CD44 positive CSCs. Similar to in vivo analysis, Amarogentin could modulate the expressions of the key regulatory genes of the Wnt and hedgehog pathways and EGFR in HepG2 cells. Thus, our data suggests that the restriction of liver carcinogenesis by Amarogentin might be due to reduction of CD44 positive CSCs and modulation of the self renewal pathways. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.