Amorfrutin B
目录号 : GC42791
A PPARγ agonist
Cas No.:78916-42-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >97.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Amorfrutin B is a partial agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ; Ki = 19 nM and EC50 = 73 nM) that was first isolated from A. fruticosa. It binds to PPARα and PPARβ/δ with Ki values of 2.6 and 1.7 µM, respectively. In insulin-resistant mice, 100 mg/kg/day amorfrutin B is reported to improve insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, and plasma lipid concentrations after two weeks of treatment.
| Cas No. | 78916-42-4 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | OC(C(C(O)=C(C/C=C(C)/CC/C=C(C)/C)C(OC)=C1)=C1CCC2=CC=CC=C2)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C26H32O4 | 分子量 | 408.5 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: soluble,Ethanol: soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.448 mL | 12.2399 mL | 24.4798 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4896 mL | 2.448 mL | 4.896 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2448 mL | 1.224 mL | 2.448 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Post-Treatment with Amorfrutin B Evokes PPARγ-Mediated Neuroprotection against Hypoxia and Ischemia
Biomedicines 2021 Jul 21;9(8):854.PMID:34440058DOI:10.3390/biomedicines9080854.
In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that Amorfrutin B, a selective modulator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-PPARγ, can protect brain neurons from hypoxia- and ischemia-induced degeneration when applied at 6 h post-treatment in primary cultures. The neuroprotective effect of Amorfrutin B suggests that it promotes mitochondrial integrity and is capable of inhibiting reactive oxygen species-ROS activity and ROS-mediated DNA damage. PPARγ antagonist and Pparg mRNA silencing abolished the neuroprotective effect of Amorfrutin B, which points to agonistic action of the compound on the respective receptor. Interestingly, Amorfrutin B stimulated the methylation of the Pparg gene, both during hypoxia and ischemia. Amorfrutin B also increased the protein level of PPARγ during hypoxia but decreased the mRNA and protein levels of PPARγ during ischemia. Under ischemic conditions, amorfrutin B-evoked hypermethylation of the Pparg gene is in line with the decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of PPARγ. However, under hypoxic conditions, amorfrutin B-dependent hypermethylation of the Pparg gene does not explain the amorfrutin B-dependent increase in receptor protein expression, which suggests other regulatory mechanisms. Other epigenetic parameters, such as HAT and/or sirtuins activities, were affected by Amorfrutin B under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. These properties position the compound among the most promising anti-stroke and wide-window therapeutics.
Natural product agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ): a review
Biochem Pharmacol 2014 Nov 1;92(1):73-89.PMID:25083916DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2014.07.018.
Agonists of the nuclear receptor PPARγ are therapeutically used to combat hyperglycaemia associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. In spite of being effective in normalization of blood glucose levels, the currently used PPARγ agonists from the thiazolidinedione type have serious side effects, making the discovery of novel ligands highly relevant. Natural products have proven historically to be a promising pool of structures for drug discovery, and a significant research effort has recently been undertaken to explore the PPARγ-activating potential of a wide range of natural products originating from traditionally used medicinal plants or dietary sources. The majority of identified compounds are selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARMs), transactivating the expression of PPARγ-dependent reporter genes as partial agonists. Those natural PPARγ ligands have different binding modes to the receptor in comparison to the full thiazolidinedione agonists, and on some occasions activate in addition PPARα (e.g. genistein, biochanin A, sargaquinoic acid, sargahydroquinoic acid, resveratrol, amorphastilbol) or the PPARγ-dimer partner retinoid X receptor (RXR; e.g. the neolignans magnolol and honokiol). A number of in vivo studies suggest that some of the natural product activators of PPARγ (e.g. honokiol, amorfrutin 1, Amorfrutin B, amorphastilbol) improve metabolic parameters in diabetic animal models, partly with reduced side effects in comparison to full thiazolidinedione agonists. The bioactivity pattern as well as the dietary use of several of the identified active compounds and plant extracts warrants future research regarding their therapeutic potential and the possibility to modulate PPARγ activation by dietary interventions or food supplements.
Amorfrutin B is an efficient natural peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist with potent glucose-lowering properties
Diabetologia 2013 Aug;56(8):1802-12.PMID:23680913DOI:10.1007/s00125-013-2920-2.
Aims/hypothesis: The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an important gene regulator in glucose and lipid metabolism. Unfortunately, PPARγ-activating drugs of the thiazolidinedione class provoke adverse side effects. As recently shown, amorfrutin A1 is a natural glucose-lowering compound that selectively modulates PPARγ. In this study we aimed to characterise, in vitro, a large spectrum of the amorfrutins and similar molecules, which we isolated from various plants. We further studied in vivo the glucose-lowering effects of the so far undescribed Amorfrutin B, which featured the most striking PPARγ-binding and pharmacological properties of this family of plant metabolites. Methods: Amorfrutins were investigated in vitro by binding and cofactor recruitment assays and by transcriptional activation assays in primary human adipocytes and murine preosteoblasts, as well as in vivo using insulin-resistant high-fat-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice treated for 27 days with 100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) Amorfrutin B. Results: Amorfrutin B showed low nanomolar binding affinity to PPARγ, and micromolar binding to the isotypes PPARα and PPARβ/δ. Amorfrutin B selectively modulated PPARγ activity at low nanomolar concentrations. In insulin-resistant mice, Amorfrutin B considerably improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and blood lipid variables after several days of treatment. Amorfrutin B treatment did not induce weight gain and furthermore showed liver-protecting properties. Additionally, amorfrutins had no adverse effects on osteoblastogenesis and fluid retention. Conclusions/interpretation: The application of plant-derived amorfrutins or synthetic analogues thereof constitutes a promising approach to prevent or treat complex metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes.
Amorfrutin B Protects Mouse Brain Neurons from Hypoxia/Ischemia by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Autophagy Processes Through Gene Methylation- and miRNA-Dependent Regulation
Mol Neurobiol 2023 Feb;60(2):576-595.PMID:36324052DOI:10.1007/s12035-022-03087-9.
Amorfrutin B is a selective modulator of the PPARγ receptor, which has recently been identified as an effective neuroprotective compound that protects brain neurons from hypoxic and ischemic damage. Our study demonstrated for the first time that a 6-h delayed post-treatment with Amorfrutin B prevented hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis in terms of the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, heterochromatin foci formation, and expression of specific genes and proteins. The expression of all studied apoptosis-related factors was decreased in response to Amorfrutin B, both during hypoxia and ischemia, except for the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL2, which was increased. After post-treatment with Amorfrutin B, the methylation rate of the pro-apoptotic Bax gene was inversely correlated with the protein level, which explained the decrease in the BAX/BCL2 ratio as a result of Bax hypermethylation. The mechanisms of the protective action of Amorfrutin B also involved the inhibition of autophagy, as evidenced by diminished autophagolysosome formation and the loss of neuroprotective properties of Amorfrutin B after the silencing of Becn1 and/or Atg7. Although post-treatment with Amorfrutin B reduced the expression levels of Becn1, Nup62, and Ambra1 during hypoxia, it stimulated Atg5 and the protein levels of MAP1LC3B and AMBRA1 during ischemia, supporting the ambiguous role of autophagy in the development of brain pathologies. Furthermore, Amorfrutin B affected the expression levels of apoptosis-focused and autophagy-related miRNAs, and many of these miRNAs were oppositely regulated by Amorfrutin B and hypoxia/ischemia. The results strongly support the position of Amorfrutin B among the most promising anti-stroke and wide-window therapeutics.
PEG modification of Amorfrutin B from Amorpha fructicosa increases gastric absorption, circulation half-life and glucose uptake by T3T-L1 adipocytes
Biomed Pharmacother 2017 Nov;95:513-519.PMID:28866418DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.113.
Through a simple PEG-conjugation of the natural product Amorfrutin B, we enhanced its pharmacokinetic profile. The PEGylated molecule displayed significantly improved gastrointestinal absorption (p<0.05) and had a longer systemic circulation life (p<0.05). Oral glucose tolerance study showed PEGylated Amorfrutin B displayed longer protection against oral glucose load compared to Amorfrutin B (p<0.05). It also showed significant improvement in glucose uptake in-vitro by T3T-L1 adipocytes (p<0.05). The PEGylated molecule also showed reduced propensity of crossing the blood brain barrier and accumulating in the brain (p<0.05). It also showed reduced accumulation in the adipose tissue. Preliminary liver and kidney toxicity screening showed no significant alteration in liver or kidney function of Amorfrutin B or its PEGylated form. In conclusion, PEG modification can be an attractive strategy to reduce lipophilicity and enhance pharmacokinetic properties of natural products, derived from traditional medicine.