Astragaloside A

Astragaloside A is an active saponin compound extracted from Astragalus membranaceus with antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifibrosis, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory pharmacological effects. Therefore, it has protective effects against cerebral injury and central nervous system, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory system, kidney, endocrine system, organic immune system, liver and cancer^[1].

Astragaloside A decreased the LPS induced expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 on the surface of HUVECs in a dose dependent manner (1, 10, 50, 100µg/ml). Moreover, Astragaloside A (100µg/ml) completely inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB and NF-κB DNA binding activity in endothelial cells, thereby enhancing anti-inflammatory capacity by decreasing the adhesion-promoting activity of LPS-stimulated HUVECs to polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the monocyte lineage THP-1^[2].

Astragaloside A (10mL/kg/d by oral gavage for 8 weeks) improved the general status of aging rats induced by D-galactose. In addition, Astragaloside A attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing the expression of hippocampal IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, and prevented D-galactose-induced AGEs, RAGEs, and NF-κB expression in the hippocampus, which resulted in the improvement of the memory function, the impairment of the organ indexes, and the pathological damage of the hippocampus^[3].

References:
[1] Zhang J, Wu C, Gao L, et al. Astragaloside A derived from Astragalus membranaceus: A research review on the pharmacological effects[J]. Advances in Pharmacology, 2020, 87: 89-112.
[2] Zhang W J, Hufnagl P, Binder B R, et al. Antiinflammatory activity of astragaloside A is mediated by inhibition of NF-κB activation and adhesion molecule expression[J]. Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2003, 90(11): 904-914.
[3] Li W, Wang S, Wang H, et al. Astragaloside A prevents memory impairment in D-galactose-induced aging rats via the AGEs/RAGE/NF-κB axis[J]. Archives of medical research, 2022, 53(1): 20-28.

Astragaloside A（黄芪甲苷A）是从黄芪中提取的活性皂苷化合物，具有抗氧化、心脏保护、抗炎、抗病毒、抗菌、抗纤维化、抗糖尿病和免疫调节的药理作用。因此其对脑损伤和中枢神经系统、心血管疾病、呼吸系统、肾脏、内分泌系统、有机免疫系统、肝脏和癌症都具有保护作用^[1] 。

黄芪甲苷A以剂量依赖的方式（1，10，50，100µg/ml）减少了LPS诱导的HUVECs表面E选择素和VCAM-1的表达。此外，黄芪甲苷A（100µg/ml）可完全抑制LPS诱导的内皮细胞NF-κB核转位和NF-κB DNA结合活性，通过降低LPS刺激的HUVECs对多形核白细胞（PMNs）和单核细胞系 THP-1 的粘附促进活性来增强抗炎能力^[2] 。

黄芪甲苷A（10mL/kg/d，连续8周口服灌胃）可改善D-半乳糖诱导的大鼠衰老的一般状况。 此外，黄芪甲苷A 通过降低海马IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6的表达，减轻炎症反应，并阻止D-半乳糖诱导的海马AGEs、RAGEs和 NF-κB 的表达，从而改善海马的记忆功能、器官指标损伤和病理损伤^[3] 。