Astragaloside II

Astragaloside II (AST II) is a monomer of Astragalussaponin.

In vitro: Astragaloside II increased the CD45-mediated of pNPP/OMFP hydrolysis in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC50value was 9.23μg/mL.10 and 30 nmol/L astragaloside II treatment significantly enhanced the proliferation of primary splenocytes induced by ConA, alloantigen or anti-CD3. 30 nmol/L astragaloside II treatment significantly increased IL-2 and IFN-γsecretion and upregulated the mRNA levels of IFN-γand T-bet in primary splenocytes. Inprimary CD4+T cells,astragaloside IIpromoted CD25 and CD69 expression upon TCR stimulation. Furthermore, treatment with 100 nmol/L astragaloside II promoted CD45-mediated dephosphorylation of LCK (Tyr505) in primary T cells [1]. Astragaloside IIshowed a significant induction of cell proliferation, differentiation and mineralization in theprimaryosteoblasts [2]. In 5-fluorouracil-resistant human hepatic cancer cells Bel-7402/FU, 0.08mg/ml Astragaloside II increased the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil [3].

In vivo: In CTX-inducedimmune-compromised mice, oral administration of astragaloside II (50 mg/kg) promoted the proliferation of splenic T cells while showed no effects on the proliferation. Astragaloside II also promoted the production of IFN-γand IL-2 [1].

References:
[1].Wan C, Gao L, Hou L, et al.  Astragaloside II triggers T cell activation through regulation of CD45 protein tyrosine phosphatase activity[J]. [2].ActaPharmacologicaSinica, 2013, 34(4): 522-530.
[3].Kong X H, Niu Y B, Song X M, et al.  Astragaloside II induces osteogenic activities of osteoblasts through the bone morphogenetic protein-2/MAPK and Smad1/5/8 pathways[J]. International journal of molecular medicine, 2012, 29(6): 1090-1098.
[4].Huang C, Xu D, Xia Q, et al.  Reversal of P‐glycoprotein‐mediated multidrug resistance of human hepatic cancer cells by AstragalosideII[J]. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2012, 64(12): 1741-1750.