Azaleatin
(Synonyms: 杜鹃黄素) 目录号 : GC60613
Azaleatin是一种从Rhododendron种中分离得到的O-甲基化黄酮醇。Azaleatin是二肽基肽酶-IV的抑制剂。Azaleatin可用于2型糖尿病和肥胖症的研究。
Cas No.:529-51-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Azaleatin is an O-methylated flavonol isolated from Rhododendron species. Azaleatin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor. Azaleatin can be used for the research of type-2 diabetes and obesity[1][2].
[1]. Harborne JB, et, al. Leaf survey of flavonoids and simple phenols in the genus Rhododendron. Phytochemistry. 1971 Nov; 10(11): 2727-2744. [2]. The medicinal usage of azaleatin. CN107375268A.
| Cas No. | 529-51-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 杜鹃黄素 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C(O)=C(C2=CC=C(O)C(O)=C2)OC3=CC(O)=CC(OC)=C13 | ||
| 分子式 | C16H12O7 | 分子量 | 316.26 |
| 溶解度 | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C | |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.162 mL | 15.8098 mL | 31.6196 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6324 mL | 3.162 mL | 6.3239 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3162 mL | 1.581 mL | 3.162 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Pharmacophore-driven identification of human glutaminyl cyclase inhibitors from foods, plants and herbs unveils the bioactive property and potential of Azaleatin in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Food Funct 2022 Dec 13;13(24):12632-12647.PMID:36416361DOI:10.1039/d2fo02507h.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of disabilities in old age and a rapidly growing condition in the elderly population. AD brings significant burden and has a devastating impact on public health, society and the global economy. Thus, developing new therapeutics to combat AD is imperative. Human glutaminyl cyclase (hQC), which catalyzes the formation of neurotoxic pyroglutamate (pE)-modified β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, is linked to the amyloidogenic process that leads to the initiation of AD. Hence, hQC is an essential target for developing anti-AD therapeutics. Here, we systematically screened and identified hQC inhibitors from natural products by pharmacophore-driven inhibitor screening coupled with biochemical and biophysical examinations. We employed receptor-ligand pharmacophore generation to build pharmacophore models and Phar-MERGE and Phar-SEN for inhibitor screening through ligand-pharmacophore mapping. About 11 and 24 hits identified from the Natural Product and Traditional Chinese Medicine databases, respectively, showed diverse hQC inhibitory abilities. Importantly, the inhibitors TCM1 (Azaleatin; IC50 = 1.1 μM) and TCM2 (Quercetin; IC50 = 4.3 μM) found in foods and plants exhibited strong inhibitory potency against hQC. Furthermore, the binding affinity and molecular interactions were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular modeling/simulations to explore the possible modes of action of Azaleatin and Quercetin. Our study successfully screened and characterized the foundational biochemical and biophysical properties of Azaleatin and Quercetin toward targeting hQC, unveiling their bioactive potential in the treatment of AD.
Antifibrotic effect of methylated quercetin derivatives on TGFβ-induced hepatic stellate cells
Biochem Biophys Rep 2019 Aug 16;20:100678.PMID:31467991DOI:10.1016/j.bbrep.2019.100678.
Quercetin (QCT) and isorhamnetin (ISO), natural flavonoids, were both shown to possess antifibrotic activity in in vivo and in vitro models of hepatic fibrosis. Although ISO is a direct metabolite of QCT differing by a methyl group, it has been reported to be absorbed more adequately and eliminated slower than QCT after oral administration. Our aim of the study was to investigate biological effect of mono-methylated QCT derivatives against fibrosis using rat hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6). All test derivatives were synthesized from QCT. HSC-T6 cells were induced by TGFβ and treated with derivatives followed by cell proliferation assay, immunofluorescence staining of αSMA, and gene expression analysis of fibrosis markers. All compounds showed a dose- and time-dependent antiproliferation effect. ISO, 3-O-methylquercetin (3MQ), and rhamnetin (RHA) reduced αSMA mRNA; 3MQ prevented the augmentation of collagen I mRNA; and compounds, except Azaleatin and 3MQ, reduced Timp1 mRNA expression in TGFβ-induced HSCs. In conclusion, each compound had singular effect against different features of fibrosis depending on the position of methyl group although the further mechanism of action of compounds during fibrosis development remains to be investigated. These findings suggest that antifibrotic effect of quercetin can be enhanced by adding methyl group on functionally important position.
Multiple Biological Activities of Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim. Extracts and UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS Characterization of Their Phytochemical Composition
Front Pharmacol 2021 Feb 10;12:599778.PMID:33732152DOI:10.3389/fphar.2021.599778.
Backgroud: Rhododendron przewalskii Maxim. is an evergreen shrub that is used as a traditional medicine in China. However, the modern pharmacology and the chemical components of this plant has not been studied. In this paper, we aimed to investigate the antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and underlying mechanism of its aqueous and ethanol extracts, and analyze their chemical composition and active compounds of R. przewalskii. Methods: The antifungal activity was determined in vitro, and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and underlying mechanism of its aqueous and ethanol extracts were evaluated in vitro and in RAW 264.7 cells. The chemical composition were analyzed using UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS, and the contents of six compounds were determined via HPLC. Results: Both extracts of R. przewalskii showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in vitro; decreased the production of four inflammatory cytokines, namely, nitric oxide, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-ɑ, in RAW 264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide; and exhibited weak cytotoxicity. The extracts significantly scavenged DPPH radicals, superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals to exert antioxidant effects in vitro. The two extracts also exhibited cellular antioxidant activity by increasing superoxide dismutase and CAT activities and decreasing malondialdehyde content in RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS. However, the antifungal activity of the two extracts was weak. Nine flavonoids were identified by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS. Of these, six compounds were analyzed quantitatively, including avicularin, quercetin, Azaleatin, astragalin and kaempferol, and five compounds (myricetin 3-O-galactoside, paeoniflorin, astragalin, Azaleatin and kaempferol) were found in this species for the first time. These compounds demonstrated antioxidant activities that were similar to those of the R. przewalskii extracts and were thought to be the active compounds in the extracts. Conclusion: R. przewalskii extracts presented promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The extracts contained amounts of valuable flavonoids (8.98 mg/g fresh material) that were likely the active compounds in the extract contributing to the potential antioxidant activity. These results highlight the potential of R. przewalskii as a source of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents for the pharmaceutical industry.
Anti-hyperuricemic effect of isorhamnetin in cultured hepatocytes and model mice: structure-activity relationships of methylquercetins as inhibitors of uric acid production
Cytotechnology 2019 Feb;71(1):181-192.PMID:30603920DOI:10.1007/s10616-018-0275-8.
Hyperuricemia is an important risk factor for gout. Isorhamnetin (3'-O-methylquercetin) is an O-methylated flavonol, which occurs in onion, almond and sea buckthorn. It is also one of the metabolites of quercetin in mammals. In the present study, we investigated anti-hyperuricemic effect of isorhamnetin adopting both cultured hepatocytes and mice with hyperuricemia induced by purine bodies. In cultured hepatocytes, isorhamnetin as well as quercetin significantly and dose-dependently inhibited uric acid (UA) production. We also examined the inhibitory effects on UA production of other mono-methylquercetins, i.e., tamarixetin, 3-O-methylquercetin, Azaleatin, and rhamnetin in addition to isorhamnetin for studying their structure-activity relationships. From the results obtained, hydroxyl groups at C-3, C-5, and especially C-7, but not C-3' and C-4' of quercetin are demonstrated to play a critical role in suppressing UA production in the AML12 hepatocytes. Oral administration of isorhamnetin significantly reduced plasma and hepatic UA levels in the hyperuricemic model mice. Isorhamnetin also decreased hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO) activity without changes in XO protein expression, indicating that anti-hyperuricemic effect of isorhamnetin could be, at least partly, attributable to suppression of UA production by directly inhibiting XO activity in the liver. These findings demonstrate that isorhamnetin has a potent anti-hyperuricemic effect and may be a potential candidate for prevention and remediation of hyperuricemia.
Isolation and characterization of free radical scavenging flavonoid glycosides from the flowers of Spartium junceum by activity-guided fractionation
J Ethnopharmacol 2000 Dec;73(3):471-8.PMID:11091001DOI:10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00327-5.
Spartium junceum L. (Fabaceae) flowers are used for the treatment of peptic ulcers in Turkish folk medicine. The possible superoxide dismutase-like activity of the extracts, fractions and constituents obtained through activity-guided fractionation were studied by using in vitro electron spin resonance spectrometry, in order to explain the role of antioxidant principles in the potent antiulcerogenic activity of the extract. Despite the fact that the triterpene, spartitrioside, which was previously reported as the active antiulcerogenic constituent of the flowers was found almost inactive, the flavonoid-rich fractions showed potent antioxidant activity. Five flavonoid glycosides bearing catechol structure in ring B were isolated from the butanol extract and their structures were elucidated using 1H- and 13C-NMR techniques as isoquercitrin (quercetin 3beta-glucoside) (1,); luteolin 4'beta-glucoside (2); quercetin 3, 4'-diglucoside (3); Azaleatin 3beta-glucoside (quercetin 5-methylether 3beta-glucoside) (4), quercetin 4'beta-glucoside (5). Flavonoids (2) and (4) showed the highest in vitro antioxidant activity with 22.59 and 19.08 U/ml, respectively.