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(Synonyms: 甘菊蓝; Cyclopentacycloheptene) 目录号 : GC39526

Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) 是萘的异构体,具有高抗 HIV 活性。Azulene 是从洋甘菊精油中分离出来的,在药物化学中是一种支架。

Azulene Chemical Structure

Cas No.:275-51-4

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产品描述

Azulene (Cyclopentacycloheptene) is as an isomer of naphthalene with high anti-HIV activity. Azulene, isolated from the distillation of chamomile oil, is a scaffold in medicinal chemistry[1][2][3].

[1]. Teppo O Leino, et al. Azulene-based Compounds for Targeting Orexin Receptors. Eur J Med Chem. 2018 Sep 5;157:88-100. [2]. Julia Peet, et al. Antiretroviral (HIV-1) Activity of Azulene Derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem. 2016 Apr 15;24(8):1653-7. [3]. David A. Becker, et al. A new synthesis of substituted azulenes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 111(1), 389-391.

Chemical Properties

Cas No. 275-51-4 SDF
别名 甘菊蓝; Cyclopentacycloheptene
Canonical SMILES C12=CC=CC=CC1=CC=C2
分子式 C10H8 分子量 128.17
溶解度 DMSO : 100 mg/mL (780.21 mM; Need ultrasonic) 储存条件 Store at -20°C
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溶解性数据

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1 mg 5 mg 10 mg
1 mM 7.8021 mL 39.0107 mL 78.0214 mL
5 mM 1.5604 mL 7.8021 mL 15.6043 mL
10 mM 0.7802 mL 3.9011 mL 7.8021 mL
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Research Update

Azulene-A Bright Core for Sensing and Imaging

Molecules 2021 Jan 12;26(2):353.PMID:33445502DOI:10.3390/molecules26020353.

Azulene is a hydrocarbon isomer of naphthalene known for its unusual colour and fluorescence properties. Through the harnessing of these properties, the literature has been enriched with a series of chemical sensors and dosimeters with distinct colorimetric and fluorescence responses. This review focuses specifically on the latter of these phenomena. The review is subdivided into two sections. Section one discusses turn-on fluorescent sensors employing Azulene, for which the literature is dominated by examples of the unusual phenomenon of Azulene protonation-dependent fluorescence. Section two focuses on fluorescent azulenes that have been used in the context of biological sensing and imaging. To aid the reader, the Azulene skeleton is highlighted in blue in each compound.

Synthesis of Azulene Derivatives from 2 H-Cyclohepta[ b]furan-2-ones as Starting Materials: Their Reactivity and Properties

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Oct 1;22(19):10686.PMID:34639027DOI:10.3390/ijms221910686.

A variety of synthetic methods have been developed for Azulene derivatives due to their potential applications in pharmaceuticals and organic materials. Particularly, 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-one and its derivatives have been frequently used as promising precursors for the synthesis of azulenes. In this review, we describe the development of the synthesis of azulenes by the reaction of 2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-2-ones with olefins, active methylenes, enamines, and silyl enol ethers as well as their reactivity and properties.

Azulene-based fluorescent chemosensor for adenosine diphosphate

Chem Commun (Camb) 2021 Oct 12;57(81):10608-10611.PMID:34570136DOI:10.1039/d1cc04122c.

AzuFluor® 435-DPA-Zn, an Azulene fluorophore bearing two zinc(II)-dipicolylamine receptor motifs, exhibits fluorescence enhancement in the presence of adenosine diphosphate. Selectivity for ADP over ATP, AMP and PPi results from appropriate positioning of the receptor motifs, since an isomeric sensor cannot discriminate between ADP and ATP.

Azulene-Containing Squaraines for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022 May 4;14(17):19192-19203.PMID:35438482DOI:10.1021/acsami.2c02308.

Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) guided photothermal therapy (PTT) can realize real-time diagnosis and in situ treatment of cancer at the same time. Absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region with large molar extinction coefficient (ε) and high value of photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) are key prerequisites for photothermal agents (PTAs) to realize dual PAI and PTT treatments. Squaraines have stable quinoid structures with strong planarity and rigidity, in favor of the NIR absorption and high ε values. On the other hand, Azulene derivatives mostly have very faint fluorescence emission, which is beneficial for photothermal transformation. Herein, two azulene-containing squaraines Az-SQ-1 and Az-SQ-2 are synthesized as high-performance PTAs. In comparison with Az-SQ-1, Az-SQ-2 possesses larger εmax of 3 × 105 M-1 cm-1 at 780 nm in organic solution and higher PCE of 53.2% in the form of nanoparticles under 808 nm laser irradiation. Accordingly, Az-SQ-2 NPs present stronger photoacoustic signals (about 15.1-times the background signal) and more efficient suppression of tumor growth. Our research indicates that the introduction of Azulene unit to traditional NIR dyes is a simple but effective approach to obtain outstanding PTAs in the aspect of phototheranostics.

Azulene hydrazide-hydrazones for selective targeting of pancreatic cancer cells

Biomed Pharmacother 2022 Nov;155:113736.PMID:36156366DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113736.

Dysregulation of iron homeostasis is one of the important processes in the development of many oncological diseases, such as pancreatic cancer. Targeting it with specific agents, such as an iron chelator, are promising therapeutic methods. In this study, we tested the cytotoxicity of novel Azulene hydrazide-hydrazone-based chelators against pancreatic cancer cell lines (MIA PaCa-2, PANC-1, AsPC-1). All prepared chelators (compounds 4-6) showed strong cytotoxicity against pancreatic cancer cell lines and high selectivity for cancer cell lines compared to the healthy line. Their cytotoxicity is lower than thiosemicarbazone-based chelators Dp44mT and DpC, but significantly higher than hydroxamic acid-based chelator DFO. The chelator tested showed mitochondrial and lysosomal co-localization and its mechanism of action was based on the induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF-1α), N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) and transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). This strongly implies that the cytotoxic effect of tested chelators could be associated with mitophagy induction. Lipinski's rule of five analyses was performed to determine whether the prepared compounds had properties ensuring their bioavailability. In addition, the drug-likeness and drug-score were calculated and discussed.