Calcium polystyrene sulfonate
(Synonyms: 聚苯乙烯磺酸钙,Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) calcium salt) 目录号 : GC34036
聚苯乙烯磺酸钙是一种离子交换树脂，用于降低血液中的钾含量。
Cas No.:37286-92-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Calcium polystyrene sulfonate is an ion-exchange resin used for reducing blood levels of potassium. Calcium polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
[1]. Yu MY, et al. Long-term efficacy of oral calcium polystyrene sulfonate for hyperkalemia in CKD patients. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 22;12(3):e0173542.
| Cas No. | 37286-92-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 聚苯乙烯磺酸钙,Poly(styrenesulfonic acid) calcium salt | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C=CC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)([O-])=O.[Ca+2] | ||
| 分子式 | (C8H8O3S)x.xCa | 分子量 | |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Effects of Calcium polystyrene sulfonate Formulation Change from Dry Syrup to Oral Solution in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Int J Pharm Compd 2022 Sep-Oct;26(5):436-439.PMID:36053770doi
Calcium polystyrene sulfonate, a cation exchange resin preparation, is used to treat hyperkalaemia. The effects of switching from dry syrup to oral solution forms have been rarely evaluated. We investigated changes in serum potassium levels, incidence of adverse events, and patients' perception and satisfaction associated with the change in Calcium polystyrene sulfonate dosage forms from dry syrup to oral solution in chronic kidney disease patients. The study population was comprised of 24 patients. The chronic kidney disease cause, glomerular filtration rate category, and albuminuria category was G4 in 10 cases (41.7%) and G5 in 8 cases (33.3%). No significant difference was observed between groups before and after the change in dosage form. Contrastingly, the ease of intake (P=0.0047), taste (P=0.0056), and satisfaction (P<0.001) indicated positive significant improvements. Changing the Calcium polystyrene sulfonate dosage form from dry syrup to oral solution in patients with chronic kidney disease improved patient satisfaction while maintaining efficacy and safety. For patients in whom weight gain is not a problem, we recommend changing the dosage form from dry syrup to oral solution for Calcium polystyrene sulfonate.
Potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 Jun 26;6(6):CD013165.PMID:32588430DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD013165.pub2.
Background: Hyperkalaemia is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by reduced renal potassium excretion in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Potassium binders, such as sodium polystyrene sulfonate and Calcium polystyrene sulfonate, are widely used but may lead to constipation and other adverse gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, reducing their tolerability. Patiromer and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate are newer ion exchange resins for treatment of hyperkalaemia which may cause fewer GI side-effects. Although more recent studies are focusing on clinically-relevant endpoints such as cardiac complications or death, the evidence on safety is still limited. Given the recent expansion in the available treatment options, it is appropriate to review the evidence of effectiveness and tolerability of all potassium exchange resins among people with CKD, with the aim to provide guidance to consumers, practitioners, and policy-makers. Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of potassium binders for treating chronic hyperkalaemia among adults and children with CKD. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Kidney and Transplant Register of Studies up to 10 March 2020 through contact with the Information Specialist using search terms relevant to this review. Studies in the Register are identified through searches of CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, conference proceedings, the International Clinical Trials Register (ICTRP) Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov. Selection criteria: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised controlled studies (quasi-RCTs) evaluating potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia administered in adults and children with CKD. Data collection and analysis: Two authors independently assessed risks of bias and extracted data. Treatment estimates were summarised by random effects meta-analysis and expressed as relative risk (RR) or mean difference (MD), with 95% confidence interval (CI). Evidence certainty was assessed using GRADE processes. Main results: Fifteen studies, randomising 1849 adult participants were eligible for inclusion. Twelve studies involved participants with CKD (stages 1 to 5) not requiring dialysis and three studies were among participants treated with haemodialysis. Potassium binders included Calcium polystyrene sulfonate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, patiromer, and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate. A range of routes, doses, and timing of drug administration were used. Study duration varied from 12 hours to 52 weeks (median 4 weeks). Three were cross-over studies. The mean study age ranged from 53.1 years to 73 years. No studies evaluated treatment in children. Some studies had methodological domains that were at high or unclear risks of bias, leading to low certainty in the results. Studies were not designed to measure treatment effects on cardiac arrhythmias or major GI symptoms. Ten studies (1367 randomised participants) compared a potassium binder to placebo. The certainty of the evidence was low for all outcomes. We categorised treatments in newer agents (patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate) and older agents (Calcium polystyrene sulfonate and sodium polystyrene sulfonate). Patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate may make little or no difference to death (any cause) (4 studies, 688 participants: RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.11, 4.32; I2 = 0%; low certainty evidence) in CKD. The treatment effect of older potassium binders on death (any cause) was unknown. One cardiovascular death was reported with potassium binder in one study, showing that there was no difference between patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and placebo for cardiovascular death in CKD and HD. There was no evidence of a difference between patiromer or sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and placebo for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at the end of treatment (one study) in CKD or HD. Potassium binders had uncertain effects on nausea (3 studies, 229 participants: RR 2.10, 95% CI 0.65, 6.78; I2 = 0%; low certainty evidence), diarrhoea (5 studies, 720 participants: RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.47, 1.48; I2 = 0%; low certainty evidence), and vomiting (2 studies, 122 participants: RR 1.72, 95% CI 0.35 to 8.51; I2 = 0%; low certainty evidence) in CKD. Potassium binders may lower serum potassium levels (at the end of treatment) (3 studies, 277 participants: MD -0.62 mEq/L, 95% CI -0.97, -0.27; I2 = 92%; low certainty evidence) in CKD and HD. Potassium binders had uncertain effects on constipation (4 studies, 425 participants: RR 1.58, 95% CI 0.71, 3.52; I2 = 0%; low certainty evidence) in CKD. Potassium binders may decrease systolic blood pressure (BP) (2 studies, 369 participants: MD -3.73 mmHg, 95%CI -6.64 to -0.83; I2 = 79%; low certainty evidence) and diastolic BP (one study) at the end of the treatment. No study reported outcome data for cardiac arrhythmias or major GI events. Calcium polystyrene sulfonate may make little or no difference to serum potassium levels at end of treatment, compared to sodium polystyrene sulfonate (2 studies, 117 participants: MD 0.38 mEq/L, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.79; I2 = 42%, low certainty evidence). There was no evidence of a difference in systolic BP (one study), diastolic BP (one study), or constipation (one study) between Calcium polystyrene sulfonate and sodium polystyrene sulfonate. There was no difference between high-dose and low-dose patiromer for death (sudden death) (one study), stroke (one study), myocardial infarction (one study), or constipation (one study). The comparative effects whether potassium binders were administered with or without food, laxatives, or sorbitol, were very uncertain with insufficient data to perform meta-analysis. Authors' conclusions: Evidence supporting clinical decision-making for different potassium binders to treat chronic hyperkalaemia in adults with CKD is of low certainty; no studies were identified in children. Available studies have not been designed to measure treatment effects on clinical outcomes such as cardiac arrhythmias or major GI symptoms. This review suggests the need for a large, adequately powered study of potassium binders versus placebo that assesses clinical outcomes of relevance to patients, clinicians and policy-makers. This data could be used to assess cost-effectiveness, given the lack of definitive studies and the clinical importance of potassium binders for chronic hyperkalaemia in people with CKD.
Hyperkalaemia and potassium binders: Retrospective observational analysis looking at the efficacy and cost effectiveness of Calcium polystyrene sulfonate and sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
J Clin Pharm Ther 2022 Dec;47(12):2170-2175.PMID:36114759DOI:10.1111/jcpt.13766.
What is known and objective: Hyperkalaemia is a common medical emergency in patients admitted to hospital. There is a limited evidence base supporting some of the commonly applied treatment strategies. Although, NICE has recommended the use of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) (TA599) and patiromer (TA623) in both acute and chronic hyperkalaemia, there is a limited evidence base for their use in acute hyperkalaemia in the hospital setting, particularly when compared to the present standard of care Calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS). Methods: A retrospective review of the electronic patient record system across our hospital over a 6-month period identified 138 patients who received either SZC (65 patients) or CPS (73 patients) to manage hyperkalaemia, investigating their efficacy and cost effectiveness. Results were analysed using simple descriptive statistics. Based on the results a naïve cost comparison between the two drugs was made. Results and discussion: CPS and SZC both effectively reduced plasm potassium concentrations in patients with hyperkalaemia (6.07 and 6.03 mmol/L respectively) by 1.17 mmol/L and 1.24 mmol/L taking a similar amount of time to work (2.97 days vs. 3 days). The principle causes of hyperkalaemia identified were acute kidney injury, medication, and chronic kidney disease. Cost comparison analysis which took into account raw product price and time needed to dispense medications revealed that CPS has slightly better cost effectiveness compared to SZC albeit at a cost of increased staff input. What is new and conclusion: Both CPS and SZC were equally effective at lowering acutely raised potassium concentrations. The cost difference between the two products appears to be small. Claims regarding the benefits of newer agents over older established medications need to be properly explored in randomized trials rather than being based on small scale non-comparative studies.
Long-term efficacy of oral Calcium polystyrene sulfonate for hyperkalemia in CKD patients
PLoS One 2017 Mar 22;12(3):e0173542.PMID:28328954DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0173542.
Background: Calcium polystyrene sulfonate (CPS) has long been used to treat hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, its efficacy and safety profile have not been systematically explored. We investigated the long-term efficacy of oral CPS for treating mild hyperkalemia on an outpatient basis. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of ambulatory CKD patients who were prescribed CPS for > 1 week because of elevated serum potassium levels > 5.0 mmol/L. Patients were divided into four groups according to the length of time that they took a fixed dosage of CPS (Group 1, < 3 months; Group 2, 3-6 months; Group 3, 6-12 months; and Group 4, > 1 year). Response was defined as a decrease in the serum potassium level (> 0.3 mmol/L) after treatment with CPS. Results: We enrolled a total of 247 adult patients with a basal eGFR level of 30 ± 15 mL/min/1.73 m2. All patients took small doses of CPS (8.0 ± 3.6 g/d), and serum potassium decreased in a dose-dependent fashion. Serum potassium of all patients decreased significantly from 5.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L to 4.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L with CPS treatment (P < 0.001). The response rates were 79.9%, 71.4%, 66.7%, and 86.8% in Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. No serious adverse effects were reported during CPS administration, though constipation was noted in 19 patients (8%). Conclusion: Small doses of oral CPS are effective and safe for controlling mild hyperkalemia in CKD patients over a long period of time.
Intestinal Necrosis Associated with Orally Administered Calcium polystyrene sulfonate Without Sorbitol
Ann Pharmacother 2011 Feb;45(2):e13.PMID:21304040DOI:10.1345/aph.1M547.
Objective: To describe a case of extensive intestinal necrosis with oral intake of Calcium polystyrene sulfonate without sorbitol. Case summary: A 73-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency department with abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed widespread dilatation of the bowel. The diagnosis of acute colonic pseudoobstruction was made. On day 3, her serum potassium level rose to 5.6 mEq/L. It was treated with hydrocortisone 100 mg/day and Calcium polystyrene sulfonate 15 g/day via nasogastric tube from day 3 to day 6. On day 6, the severe abdominal pain recurred, with abdominal tenderness. CT scan showed pneumoperitoneum and peritoneal effusion. At surgery, 2 lenticular jejunal perforations and an ischemic cecum were found. Microscopic findings indicated that the transmural abscess contained massive inflammatory infiltrate and the cecal mucosa showed ulceration and inflammation with a fibrinous and purulent coating. Small gray-purple or blue angulated crystals were embedded in the cecal and most of the jejunal mucosal ulcers. On day 19, the patient died of multiple organ failure after her third laparotomy. Discussion: Ion-exchanging resins are given orally or by retention enema for the treatment of hyperkalemia. The most commonly used and best-established resin is sodium polystyrene sulfonate. However, it is known to promote colonic necrosis when sorbitol is also given or especially in patients with renal failure or postoperative ileus. Calcium polystyrene sulfonate is another ion-exchange resin. There are few reports of adverse effects in the literature. Our case is interesting for 2 reasons: the resin given was Calcium polystyrene sulfonate and sorbitol was not used. Conclusions: Like sodium polystyrene sulfonate, Calcium polystyrene sulfonate is an ion-exchanging resin that can promote bowel necrosis. We believe that it should not be used with sorbitol or when bowel transit time is slowed.