Canthaxanthin (E 161g)

Canthaxanthin (E 161g) is an orange-red carotenoid with multiple biological activities such as antioxidant and anti-tumor activities^[1]. Canthaxanthin is an intermediate product obtained during the metabolism of β-carotene to astaxanthin. It can exert beneficial biological activities in animals, mainly related to its antioxidant and scavenging abilities, thereby preventing skin aging and some other diseases, promoting tissue regeneration and enhancing the immune system^[2]. Canthaxanthin can inhibit liver and heart aging and fibrosis^{[3, 4]}.

In vitro, Canthaxanthin (0, 20, 40, 80μM) treatment of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) for 22h significantly increased the blastocyst formation rate after parthenogenetic activation (PA), increased the mRNA expression of Bcl2 and Oct4, and reduced the expression of caspase3^[5]. Canthaxanthin (1-5μM) treatment of undifferentiated PC12 cells reduced Aβ_(25-35)-induced cell death and reduced intracellular ROS accumulation^[6].

In vivo, oral administration of Canthaxanthin (20mg/kg) to aged C57BL/6 mice for 8 weeks significantly alleviated vascular aging in the mice, reduced the expression levels of p16 and p21, and increased the expression level of Ki67^[7].

References:
[1] Jurić S, Jurić M, Król-Kilińska Ż, et al. Sources, stability, encapsulation and application of natural pigments in foods[J]. Food Reviews International, 2022, 38(8): 1735-1790.
[2] Castangia I, Manca M L, Razavi S H, et al. Canthaxanthin biofabrication, loading in green phospholipid vesicles and evaluation of in vitro protection of cells and promotion of their monolayer regeneration[J]. Biomedicines, 2022, 10(1): 157.
[3] Li J, Xian L, Zheng R, et al. Canthaxanthin shows anti-liver aging and anti-liver fibrosis effects by down-regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro[J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2022, 110: 108942.
[4] Wang Z, Liu W, Zhang M, et al. Canthaxanthin Mitigates Cardiovascular Senescence in Vitro and in Vivo[J]. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, 2024, 29(2): 70.
[5] Taweechaipaisankul A, Jin J X, Lee S, et al. The effects of canthaxanthin on porcine oocyte maturation and embryo development in vitro after parthenogenetic activation and somatic cell nuclear transfer[J]. Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2016, 51(6): 870-876.
[6] Chang C S, Chang C L, Lai G H. Reactive oxygen species scavenging activities in a chemiluminescence model and neuroprotection in rat pheochromocytoma cells by astaxanthin, beta-carotene, and canthaxanthin[J]. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences, 2013, 29(8): 412-421.
[7] Wang Z, Li L, Liao S, et al. Canthaxanthin Attenuates the Vascular Aging or Endothelial Cell Senescence by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice[J]. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, 2023, 28(12): 367.

Canthaxanthin (E 161g)是一种橙红色的类胡萝卜素，具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤等多种生物活性^[1]。Canthaxanthin是β-胡萝卜素代谢为虾青素过程中获得的中间产物，在动物体内可以发挥有益的生物活性，主要与其抗氧化和清除能力有关，从而预防皮肤老化和其他一些疾病，有利于组织再生并增强免疫系统^[2]。Canthaxanthin能够抑制肝脏、心脏衰老和纤维化^{[3, 4]}。

在体外，Canthaxanthin（0, 20, 40, 80μM）处理卵丘-卵母细胞复合体（COCs）22h，显著提高了孤雌激活（PA）后的囊胚形成率，增加了Bcl2和Oct4的mRNA表达， 减少了caspase3的表达^[5]。Canthaxanthin（1-5μM）处理未分化的PC12细胞， 减少了Aβ_(25-35)诱导的细胞死亡，减少了细胞内ROS积累^[6]。

在体内，Canthaxanthin（20mg/kg）通过口服处理老年C57BL/6小鼠8周，显著缓解了小鼠体内血管老化，降低了p16、p21的表达水平，提高了Ki67的表达水平^[7]。