Ceramides (non-hydroxy)
目录号 : GC43230Ceramides are generated from sphingomyelin through activation of sphingomyelinases or through the de novo synthesis pathway, which requires the coordinated action of serine palmitoyl transferase and ceramide synthase.
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Ceramides are generated from sphingomyelin through activation of sphingomyelinases or through the de novo synthesis pathway, which requires the coordinated action of serine palmitoyl transferase and ceramide synthase. They have been shown to mediate antiproliferative responses such as apoptosis, growth arrest, differentiation, and senescence. This product contains a mixture of non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing ceramides.
| Cas No. | SDF | ||
| Canonical SMILES | [R]C(N[C@H]([C@H](O)/C=C/[R])CO)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C36H71NO3 (for stearoyl) | 分子量 | 566 |
| 溶解度 | Chloroform:Methanol (2:1): Soluble,Ethanol: Soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.7668 mL | 8.8339 mL | 17.6678 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3534 mL | 1.7668 mL | 3.5336 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1767 mL | 0.8834 mL | 1.7668 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Dupilumab significantly improves skin barrier function in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis
Allergy 2022 Nov;77(11):3388-3397.PMID:35815904DOI:10.1111/all.15432.
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by abnormal skin lipids that are largely driven by hyperactivated type 2 immune responses. The antibody to the α-subunit of interleukin (IL)-4 receptor, dupilumab, was recently approved to treat AD and demonstrated strong efficacy. However, the role of dupilumab therapy in the regulation of skin barrier structure and function has not been fully explored. Methods: We have evaluated the content of lipids and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in lesional and non-lesional skin of adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD over the course of 16-week treatment with dupilumab and compared those values with that of matched healthy volunteers. Results: Dupilumab treatment provided a significant decrease in TEWL in AD lesions, lowering it almost to the levels seen in the skin of healthy subjects. Blocking IL-4/IL-13 signaling with dupilumab normalized lipid composition (decreased levels of Ceramides with non-hydroxy fatty acids and C18-sphingosine and increased the level of esterified omega-hydroxy fatty acid-containing Ceramides) and increased ceramide chain length in lesional as well as non-lesional stratum corneum of AD patients. Partial changes for these parameters were already observed after 2 weeks, with a full response achieved after 8 weeks of dupilumab treatment. Conclusions: Inhibition of IL-4/IL-13 signaling by dupilumab allows restoration of skin lipid composition and barrier function in patients with moderate-to-severe AD.
Synthesis of non-hydroxy-galactosylceramides and galactosyldiglycerides by hydroxy-ceramide galactosyltransferase
Biochem J 1996 Jul 15;317 ( Pt 2)(Pt 2):589-97.PMID:8713090DOI:10.1042/bj3170589.
Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is the major glycolipid in brain. In order to characterize the activity of brain UDPgalactose: ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGalT), it has been stably expressed in CGalT-negative Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. After fractionation of transfected cells, CHO-CGT, on sucrose gradients, the activity resides at the density of endoplasmic reticulum and not of Golgi. A lipid chromatogram from CHO-CGT cells revealed two new iodine-staining spots identified as GalCer, since they comigrate with GalCer standards, can be metabolically labelled with [3H]galactose, are recognized by anti-GalCer antibodies, and are resistant to alkaline hydrolysis. A third [3H]galactose lipid was identified as galactosyldiglyceride. In the homogenate CGalT displays a 25-fold preference for hydroxy fatty acid-containing Ceramides. Remarkably, endogenous GalCer of transfected cells contains exclusively non-hydroxy fatty acids: fast atom bombardment and collision-induced dissociation mass spectrometric analysis revealed mainly C16:0 in the lower GalCer band on TLC and mainly C22:0 and C24:0 in the upper band. Our results suggest that CGalT galactosylates both hydroxy- and non-hydroxy fatty acid-containing Ceramides and diglycerides, depending on their local availability. Thus, CGalT alone may be responsible for the synthesis of hydroxy- and non-hydroxy-GalCer, and galactosyldiglyceride in myelin.
Structural identification of skin Ceramides containing ω-hydroxy acyl chains using mass spectrometry
Arch Pharm Res 2016 Oct;39(10):1426-1432.PMID:27432202DOI:10.1007/s12272-016-0794-9.
The stratum corneum (SC) acts as a barrier that protects organisms against the environment and from transepidermal water loss. It consists of corneocytes embedded in a matrix of lipid metabolites (Ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids). Of these lipids, Ceramides are sphingolipids consisting of sphingoid bases, linked to fatty acyl chains. Typical fatty acid acyl chains are composed of α-hydroxy fatty acids (A), esterified ω-hydroxy fatty acids (EO), non-hydroxy fatty acids (N), and ω-hydroxy fatty acids (O). Of these, O-type Ceramides are ester-linked via their ω-hydroxyl group to proteins in the cornified envelope and can be released and extracted following mild alkaline hydrolysis. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of O-type Ceramides using chip-based direct infusion nanoelectrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry generated the characteristic fragmentation pattern of both acyl and sphingoid units, suggesting that this method could be applied to the structural identification of O-type Ceramides. Based on the MS/MS fragmentation patterns of O-type Ceramides, comprehensive fragmentation schemes are proposed. In addition, we have also developed a method for identifying and profiling O-type Ceramides in the mouse and guinea pig SC. This information may be used to identify O-type Ceramides in the SC of animal skin.
Chemical and apoptotic properties of hydroxy-ceramides containing long-chain bases with unusual alkyl chain lengths
J Biochem 2008 Jul;144(1):95-106.PMID:18420598DOI:10.1093/jb/mvn050.
We analysed four types of free Ceramides (Cer 1, Cer 2, Cer 3 and Cer 4) from equine kidneys by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Cer 1 was composed of dihydroxy long-chain bases (dLCBs) of (4E)-sphingenine (d18:1), sphinganine and non-hydroxy fatty acids (NFAs); Cer 2 was composed of trihydroxy LCBs (tLCBs) of 4-hydroxysphinganine, t16:0, t18:0, t19:0 and t20:0, and NFAs; Cer 3 was composed of dLCBs, d16:1, d17:1, d18:1, d19:1 and d20:1, and hydroxy FAs (HFAs); and Cer 4 was composed of tLCBs, t16:0, t17:0, t18:0, t19:0 and t20:0, and HFAs. The results indicate all ceramide species containing LCBs with non-octadeca lengths (NOD-LCBs) can be classified into hydroxy-ceramides since these species always consist of tLCBs, and/or HFAs. Furthermore, such species tend to contain FAs with longer acyl chains but contain neither palmitate (C16:0) nor its hydroxylated form (C16:0h). The apoptosis-inducing activities of these hydroxyl-ceramides towards tumour cell lines were compared with that of non-hydroxy-ceramides, dLCB-NFA (Cer 1). Monohydroxy-ceramides, tLCB-NFA (Cer 2) and dLCB-HFA (Cer 3), exhibited stronger activities, whereas dihydroxy-ceramides, tLCB-HFA (Cer 4), exhibited similar or weaker activity than dLCB-NFA (Cer 1), depending on cell lines.
A lipidomic platform establishment for structural identification of skin Ceramides with non-hydroxyacyl chains
Anal Bioanal Chem 2014 Mar;406(7):1917-32.PMID:24458481DOI:10.1007/s00216-013-7601-y.
The stratum corneum (SC) is the outermost layer of skin that functions as a barrier and protects against environmental influences and transepidermal water loss. Its unique morphology consists of keratin-enriched corneocytes embedded in a distinctive mixture of lipids containing mainly Ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Ceramides are sphingolipids consisting of sphingoid bases, which are linked to fatty acids by an amide bond. Typical sphingoid bases in the skin are composed of dihydrosphingosine (dS), sphingosine (S), phytosphingosine (P), and 6-hydroxysphingosine (H), and the fatty acid acyl chains are composed of non-hydroxy fatty acid (N), α-hydroxy fatty acid (A), ω-hydroxy fatty acid (O), and esterified ω-hydroxy fatty acid (E). The 16 ceramide classes include several combinations of sphingoid bases and fatty acid acyl chains. Among them, N-type Ceramides are the most abundant in the SC. Mass spectrometry (MS)/MS analysis of N-type Ceramides using chip-based direct infusion nanoelectrospray-ion trap mass spectrometry generated the characteristic fragmentation pattern of both acyl and sphingoid units, which could be applied to structural identification of Ceramides. Based on the MS/MS fragmentation patterns of N-type Ceramides, comprehensive fragmentation schemes were proposed. In addition, mass fragmentation patterns, which are specific to the sphingoid backbone of N-type Ceramides, were found in higher m/z regions of tandem mass spectra. These characteristic and general fragmentation patterns were used to identify N-type Ceramides in human SC. Based on established MS/MS fragmentation patterns of N-type Ceramides, 52 Ceramides (including different classes of NS, NdS, NP, and NH) were identified in human SC. The MS/MS fragmentation patterns of N-type Ceramides were characterized by interpreting their product ion scan mass spectra. This information may be used to identify N-type Ceramides in the SC of human, rat, and mouse skin.