Chlorophyll a
(Synonyms: 叶绿素A) 目录号 : GC49064A photosynthetic pigment
Cas No.:479-61-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >60.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Chlorophyll a is a pigment found in all oxygenic photosynthetic organisms that converts visible light to chemical energy.1 It is located in chloroplasts within the thylakoid membrane and is a component of the light-harvesting complex and reaction center of photosystems I and II, where it has roles in both photon absorption and conversion to chemical energy.1,2 Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) has commonly been used to monitor leaf photosynthetic performance in response to abiotic stressors, such as drought, nutrient deficiency, or herbicides, in agricultural, horticultural, and agrochemical industries.3 It displays absorption maxima at 430 and 662 nM.1
1.BjÖrn, L.O., Papageorgiou, G.C., Blankenship, R.E., et al.A viewpoint: Why chlorophyll a•Photosynth. Res.99(2)85-98(2009) 2.Porcar-Castell, A., TyystjÄrvi, E., Atherton, J., et al.Linking chlorophyll a fluorescence to photosynthesis for remote sensing applications: Mechanisms and challengesJ. Exp. Bot.65(15)4065-4095(2014) 3.Baker, N.R., and Rosenqvist, E.Applications of chlorophyll fluorescence can improve crop production strategies: An examination of future possibilitiesJ. Exp. Bot.55(403)1607-1621(2004)
| Cas No. | 479-61-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 叶绿素A | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=C2[N-](C3=C1C4=O)[Mg+2]56[N](C([C@H]7CCC(OC/C=C(C)/CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=O)=C3[C@H]4C(OC)=O)=C([C@H]7C)C=C8[N-]5C(C(C=C)=C8C)=CC9=[N]6C(C(CC)=C9C)=C2 | ||
| 分子式 | C55H72MgN4O5 | 分子量 | 893.5 |
| 溶解度 | Acetone: soluble,Ethanol: soluble | 储存条件 | -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.1192 mL | 5.596 mL | 11.1919 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.2238 mL | 1.1192 mL | 2.2384 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.1119 mL | 0.5596 mL | 1.1192 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Chlorophyll a fluorescence illuminates a path connecting plant molecular biology to Earth-system science
Nat Plants 2021 Aug;7(8):998-1009.PMID:34373605DOI:10.1038/s41477-021-00980-4.
For decades, the dynamic nature of Chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlaF) has provided insight into the biophysics and ecophysiology of the light reactions of photosynthesis from the subcellular to leaf scales. Recent advances in remote sensing methods enable detection of ChlaF induced by sunlight across a range of larger scales, from using instruments mounted on towers above plant canopies to Earth-orbiting satellites. This signal is referred to as solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) and its application promises to overcome spatial constraints on studies of photosynthesis, opening new research directions and opportunities in ecology, ecophysiology, biogeochemistry, agriculture and forestry. However, to unleash the full potential of SIF, intensive cross-disciplinary work is required to harmonize these new advances with the rich history of biophysical and ecophysiological studies of ChlaF, fostering the development of next-generation plant physiological and Earth-system models. Here, we introduce the scale-dependent link between SIF and photosynthesis, with an emphasis on seven remaining scientific challenges, and present a roadmap to facilitate future collaborative research towards new applications of SIF.
Chlorophyll a estimation in lakes using multi-parameter sonde data
Water Res 2021 Oct 15;205:117661.PMID:34560618DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117661.
Algae blooms are of considerable concern in freshwater lakes and reservoirs worldwide. In-situ Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) fluorometers are widely used for rapid assessments of algae biomass. However, accurately converting Chl-a fluorescence to an equivalent concentration is challenging due to natural variations in the relationship as well as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) which occurs commonly in surface waters during daytime. This study is based on water quality data from a freshwater lake from October 2018 to December 2020. Initial analysis of sonde Chl-a fluorescence and laboratory extracted Chl-a concentrations shows that the two data sets exhibit a nonlinear relationship with positive correlation and significant errors. A bias correction method was next developed based on (1) concurrent sonde measurements of other water quality parameters (to account for nonlinearities) and (2) a bias correction approach for nonphotochemical quenching effects in surface waters. The new Chl-a model exhibits much improved accuracy, with a root mean square error (RMSE) less than 0.95 µg/L. The new method facilitates accurate Chl-a characterization in freshwater lakes and reservoirs based on readily obtainable in-situ fluorescence sonde measurements.
A database of chlorophyll and water chemistry in freshwater lakes
Sci Data 2020 Sep 22;7(1):310.PMID:32963248DOI:10.1038/s41597-020-00648-2.
Measures of chlorophyll represent the algal biomass in freshwater lakes that is often used by managers as a proxy for water quality and lake productivity. However, chlorophyll concentrations in lakes are dependent on many interacting factors, including nutrient inputs, mixing regime, lake depth, climate, and anthropogenic activities within the watershed. Therefore, integrating a broad scale dataset of lake physical, chemical, and biological characteristics can help elucidate the response of freshwater ecosystems to global change. We synthesized a database of measured Chlorophyll a (chla) values, associated water chemistry variables, and lake morphometric characteristics for 11,959 freshwater lakes distributed across 72 countries. Data were collected based on a systematic review examining 3322 published manuscripts that measured lake chla, and we supplemented these data with online repositories such as The Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity, Dryad, and Pangaea. This publicly available database can be used to improve our understanding of how chlorophyll levels respond to global environmental change and provide baseline comparisons for environmental managers responsible for maintaining water quality in lakes.
A guide to Open-JIP, a low-cost open-source chlorophyll fluorometer
Photosynth Res 2019 Dec;142(3):361-368.PMID:31541419DOI:10.1007/s11120-019-00673-2.
Chlorophyll a fluorescence is the most widely used method to study photosynthesis and plant stress. While several commercial fluorometers are available, there is a need for a low-cost and highly customisable chlorophyll fluorometer. Such a device would aid in performing high-throughput assessment of photosynthesis, as these instruments can be mass-produced. Novel investigations into photosynthesis can also be performed as a result of the user's ability to modify the devices functionality for their specific needs. Motivated by this, we present an open-source chlorophyll fluorometer based on the Kautsky induction curve (OJIP). The instrument consists of low-cost, easy-to-acquire electrical components and an open-source microcontroller (Arduino Mega) whose performance is equivalent to that of commercial instruments. Two 3D printable Open-JIP configurations are presented, one for higher plants and the other for microalgae cells in suspension. Directions for its construction are presented and the instrument is benchmarked against widely used commercial chlorophyll fluorometers.
Protein Nanobarrel for Integrating Chlorophyll a Molecules and Its Photochemical Performance
ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021 Jan 18;4(1):399-405.PMID:35014291DOI:10.1021/acsabm.0c00208.
Taking inspiration from biology's effectiveness in nanoscale organization of chlorophylls for photosynthesis, we describe here a design for chlorophyll-protein conjugates that exploits the central hydrophobic cavity of GroEL protein nanobarrel as a binding pocket for chlorophyll. We found water-soluble conjugates of chlorophyll with GroEL could be easily generated via detergent dialysis. The number of chlorophyll units bound to GroEL is tunable by varying the equilibrium concentration of chlorophyll during dialysis. Meanwhile, it is shown that an increase in the entrapped chlorophyll amount leads to an improvement of chlorophyll-GroEL photostability. Using methyl viologen as an electron acceptor, we demonstrate that chlorophyll-GroEL has photoreduction activity, which is also switchable in on/off illumination mode. Finally, it is shown that chlorophyll-GroEL-sensitized solar cells have good photoelectric properties, yielding a high photoelectric conversion efficiency of ∼0.9%. The current strategy may be adopted for integrating other photosensitizing dyes or for other photocatalytic reactions.