Chlorpyrifos
(Synonyms: 毒死蜱) 目录号 : GC60108
毒死蜱作为一种广谱有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂，其主要致毒机制是通过使神经接头处的乙酰胆碱酯酶失活。
Cas No.:2921-88-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes |
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Preparation Method |
Porcine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with 0, 5, 10, or 20 µM Chlorpyrifos for 44 h during in vitro maturation (IVM). |
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Reaction Conditions |
0, 5, 10, or 20 µM CPF for 44 h |
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Applications |
The results showed that the first polar body (PB1) extrusion rate was significantly decreased, and the subsequent developmental competence of the resulting metaphase II (MII) oocytes was also impaired when the concentration of CPF reached 10 µM. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
SD rats |
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Preparation Method |
35 male clean grade SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups according to the observation time point, namely 0.5 d, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 5 d and 7 d groups and the control group, with 5 rats in each group. Each observation group was given 81.5 mg/kg chlorpyrifos by gavage, and the control group was given olive oil by gavage. The general conditions and poisoning symptoms of rats were observed continuously after exposure. The expressions of autophagy related proteins Beclin1, P62/SQSTM1 and LC3 in hippocampus were detected by Western blot. The cell morphology and LC3 expression in brain were observed by immunohistochemical staining. |
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Dosage form |
81.5 mg/kg; p.o. |
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Applications |
Western blot results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of Beclin1 protein in hippocampal neurons of rats in the 1 d, 2 d, and 3 d groups increased, while the expression of P62/SQSTM1 protein in the 0.5 d, 1 d, and 2 d groups decreased, and the expression of LC3 protein was decreased in the 2 d group, and the differences were statistically significant. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the hippocampal neurons of rats in the 5 d group were arranged disorderly, and some nuclei contours disappeared, especially in the 7 d group. The LC3 protein was expressed in the cytoplasm, and the expression level gradually increased, reaching a peak on the second day. |
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References: [1] Jiang Y, et al. Exposure to chlorpyrifos leads to spindle disorganization and mitochondrial dysfunction of porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Theriogenology. 2021 Oct 1;173:249-260. |
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Chlorpyrifos, as a broad-spectrum organophosphorothioate insecticide, has a principal mechanism of toxicity by inactivation of acetylcholinesterase at nerve junctions[1].
In vitro test it exhibited that In agricultural soils under field conditions,half-lives are shorter. The mean water-soil adsorption coefficient(Koc) of chlorpyrifos is 8,216 mL/g[2]. The 24-h LC10 and LC50 values of chlorpyrifos for embryos were 0.89 and 11.8 μg/L, respectively. And the 24-h LC10 and LC50 values of chlorpyrifos for larvae were 0.53 and 21.7 μg/L, respectively; the 48-h LC10 and LC50 for larvae were 0.04 and 5.47 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, in the aquatic environment ,1 μg/L of chlorpyrifos may adversely affect the development and the reproduction of banded gourami[3].
In vivo efficacy test it shown that there is a similar sensitivity to orally administered chlorpyrifos with LD50s ranging from 8 to > 400 mg/kg body weight in amphibians, birds, and mammals. There is also no observed effect concentrations to be greater than 1 mg/kg food in long-term chronic feeding studies in birds and mammals[1]. In addition, the exposure to environmentally relevant chlorpyrifos with 0.03, 0.06 and 0.12 μg/L increased precopulatory guardian behavior time, amplexus reformulation after exposure and the number of ovigerous females in the amphipod Hyalella curvispina[4]. Exposure to 500 μg/L chlorpyrifos for 15 days, there is no consistent obvious effect in both male and female gonado-somatic index[5].
References:
[1] Barron MG, et al. Ecotoxicology of chlorpyrifos. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995;144:1-93.
[2] Solomon KR, et al. Properties and uses of chlorpyrifos in the United States. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2014;231:13-34.
[3] Sumon KA, et al. Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to embryo and larvae of banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata. J Environ Sci Health B. 2017 Feb;52(2):92-98.
[4] Negro CL, et al. Effects of Chlorpyrifos Over Reproductive Traits of Three Sympatric Freshwater Crustaceans. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2021 May;106(5):759-764.
[5] Sumon KA, et al. Effects of long-term chlorpyrifos exposure on mortality and reproductive tissues of Banded Gourami (Trichogaster fasciata). J Environ Sci Health B. 2019;54(7):549-559.
毒死蜱作为一种广谱有机硫代磷酸酯类杀虫剂,其主要致毒机制是通过使神经接头处的乙酰胆碱酯酶失活[1]。
体外试验表明,在田间条件下的农业土壤中,半衰期较短。毒死蜱的平均水-土壤吸附系数（Koc）为8,216 mL/g[2]。毒死蜱对胚胎的 24 小时 LC10 和 LC50 值分别为 0.89 和 11.8 μg/L。毒死蜱对幼虫的24小时LC10和LC50值分别为0.53和21.7 μg/L；幼虫的 48 小时 LC10 和 LC50 分别为 0.04 和 5.47 μg/L。此外,在水生环境中,1 μg/L的毒死蜱可能会对带状吻口鱼的发育和繁殖产生不利影响[3]。
体内药效试验表明,口服毒死蜱具有相似的敏感性,LD50s范围为8至>；两栖动物、鸟类和哺乳动物的 400 mg/kg 体重。在鸟类和哺乳动物的长期长期喂养研究中也没有观察到大于 1 mg/kg 食物的影响浓度[1]。此外,暴露于环境相关的浓度为 0.03、0.06 和 0.12 μg/L 的毒死蜱会增加交配前的守卫行为时间、暴露后的 amplexus 重新形成以及端足类 Hyalella curvispina[4] 中产卵雌性的数量。 500 μg/L毒死蜱暴露15天,对男女性腺体细胞指数无一致的明显影响[5]。
| Cas No. | 2921-88-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 毒死蜱 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | S=P(OCC)(OCC)OC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl | ||
| 分子式 | C9H11Cl3NO3PS | 分子量 | 350.59 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 250 mg/mL (713.08 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.8523 mL | 14.2617 mL | 28.5233 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5705 mL | 2.8523 mL | 5.7047 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2852 mL | 1.4262 mL | 2.8523 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Chlorpyrifos in environment and food: a critical review of detection methods and degradation pathways
Environ Sci Process Impacts 2021 Sep 23;23(9):1255-1277.PMID:34553733DOI:10.1039/d1em00178g.
Chlorpyrifos (CP) is a class of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides, which find extensive applications as acaricide, insecticide and termiticide. The use of CP has been indicated in environmental contamination and disturbance in the biogeochemical cycles. CP has been reported to be neurotoxic and has a detrimental effect on immunological and psychological health. Therefore, it is necessary to design and develop effective degradation methods for the removal of CP from the environment. In the past few years, physicochemical (advanced oxidation process) and biological treatment approaches have been widely employed for the pesticide removal. However, the byproducts of this process are more toxic than the parent compound and along with an incomplete degradation of CP. This review focuses on the toxicity of CP, the sources of contamination, degradation pathways, physicochemical, biological, and nano-technology based methods employed for the degradation of CP. In addition, consolidated information on various detection methods and materials used for the detection have been provided in this review.
Ecotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos to aquatic organisms: A review
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020 Sep 1;200:110731.PMID:32450436DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110731.
Pesticides play an important role in promoting agricultural development, while their unreasonable use has led to environmental problems. Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a typical organophosphate pesticide, is used globally as an insecticide in agriculture. The extensive application of CPF has resulted in water contamination, and CPF has been detected in rivers, lakes, seawater, and even in rain. In the present review, CPF was selected due to its extensive use in agriculture and higher detection rate in surface waters. In this review we summarised the evidence related to CPF pollution and focused on discussing the ecotoxicity of CPF to aquatic systems and revealed the mechanism of action of CPF. The aim of this literature review was to summarise the knowledge of the toxicity to marine and freshwater organisms of CPF as well as try to select a series of sensitive biomarkers, which are suitable for ecotoxicological assessment and environmental monitoring in aquatic systems.
A systematic review on the metabolic effects of Chlorpyrifos
Rev Environ Health 2021 May 7;37(1):137-151.PMID:33962508DOI:10.1515/reveh-2020-0150.
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides, including Chlorpyrifos (CPF), can alter metabolic hemostasis. The current systematic study investigated blood glucose, lipid profiles, and body weight alterations in rodents and fish exposed to CPF. The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Guidelines, querying online databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus and also search engine including Google Scholar, through January 2021. Studies on rodent and fish exposed to CPF assessing metabolic functions were selected. All studies were in the English language, with other languages being excluded from the review. Two investigators independently assessed each of the articles. The first author's name, publication date, animal model, age, sample size, gender, dose, duration, and route of exposure and outcomes were extracted from each publication. The present review summarizes findings from 61 publications on glycemic, lipid profile, insulin, and body weight changes in rodents and fish exposed to CPF exposure. Most of the studies reported hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and decreased insulin levels and body weight following exposure to CPF. Additionally, we confirmed that the CPF-induced metabolic alterations were both dose- and time-dependent. Our findings support an association between CPF exposure and metabolic diseases. However, more studies are needed to identify the metabolic-disrupting effects of CPF and their underlying mechanisms.
The growing concern of Chlorpyrifos exposures on human and environmental health
Pestic Biochem Physiol 2022 Jul;185:105138.PMID:35772841DOI:10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105138.
Chlorpyrifos (CP) and its highly electrophilic intermediates are principal toxic metabolites. The active form of CP i.e. Chlorpyrifos oxon (CP-oxon) is responsible for both the insecticidal activity and is also of greater risk when present in the atmosphere. Thus, the combined effects of both CP, CP-oxan, and other metabolites enhance our understanding of the safety and risk of the insecticide CP. They cause major toxicities such as AChE inhibition, oxidative stress, and endocrine disruption. Further, it can have adverse hematological, musculoskeletal, renal, ocular, and dermal effects. Excessive use of this compound results in poisoning and potentially kills a non-target species upon exposure including humans. Several examples of reactive metabolites toxicities on plants, aquatic life, and soil are presented herein. The review covers the general overview on reactive metabolites of CP, chemistry and their mechanism through toxic effects on humans as well as on the environment. Considerable progress has been made in the replacement or alternative to CP. The different strategies including antidote mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of CP poisoning are discussed in this review. The approach analyses also the active metabolites for the pesticide activity and thus it becomes more important to know the pesticide and toxicity dose of CP as much as possible.
Impact of Chlorpyrifos on blood glucose concentration in an animal model: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020 Jan;27(3):2474-2481.PMID:31848960DOI:10.1007/s11356-019-07229-w.
Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide, disturbs blood glucose hemostasis in experimental models and causes metabolic disorders. However, there are controversial findings of its impact on the BS level. The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate blood gluocse levels in rats exposed to Chlorpyrifos. Present systematic review and meta-analysis study was done by searching in the online databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Data were analyzed by performing "random effects meta-regression." Findings were expressed as standardized mean value and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using I-square and Q test. Meta-analysis of 7 animal studies indicated the dose-dependence manner of Chlorpyrifos exposure on the blood glucose levels. The subgroup analysis indicated that exposure to low doses of Chlorpyrifos significantly increased the blood glucose levels in exposed animals versus the nonexposed (0.11; 95% CI: - 1.14, 1.36, z = 2.25, p = 0.03, I2 = 90.1%, p < 0.001) and high doses markedly decreased blood glucose levels in exposed rats versus the nonexposed (7.34; 95%CI: - 9.35, - 5.32, z = 6.41, p < 0.001, I2 = 96.9%, p < 0.001). The random effects and pooled analysis indicated that the blood glucose levels were 4.22-fold lower in exposed animals versus the nonexposed ones (95% CI: - 5.59,- 2.85; Z = 3.97; p < 0.001); therefore, heterogeneity was significant (I2 = 96.5%, p < 0.001). The present finding indicated the association between Chlorpyrifos exposure and a decrease in blood glucose levels. However, more studies should be designed to clarify this effect of Chlorpyrifos exposure on blood glucose levels and involved mechanisms.