Clomazone
(Synonyms: 异恶草松) 目录号 : GC39682
An herbicide
Cas No.:81777-89-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Clomazone is an herbicide that reduces chlorophyll and carotenoid levels in plants.1 It is used to control grasses and broad-leaved weeds but is toxic to certain aquatic wildlife with an LC50 of 7.32 mg/L for silver catfish.2 It decreases acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain and muscle tissue of the silver catfish (83 and 89% inhibition, respectively) when used at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20 mg/L. However, it increases AChE activity in muscle of the teleost fish.3
1.Kaňa, R., ?pundová, M., Ilík, P., et al.Effect of herbicide clomazone on photosynthetic processes in primary barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leavesPestic. Biochem. Physiol.78(3)161-170(2004) 2.dos Santos Miron, D., Crestani, M., Rosa Shettinger, M., et al.Effects of the herbicides clomazone, quinclorac, and metsulfuron methyl on acetylcholinesterase activity in the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) (Heptapteridae)Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf.61(3)398-403(2005) 3.Moraes, B.S., Loro, V.L., Glusczak, L., et al.Effects of four rice herbicides on some metabolic and toxicology parameters of teleost fish (Leporinus obtusidens)Chemosphere68(8)1597-1601(2007)
| Cas No. | 81777-89-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 异恶草松 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1N(CC2=CC=CC=C2Cl)OCC1(C)C | ||
| 分子式 | C12H14ClNO2 | 分子量 | 239.7 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 33 mg/ml,DMSO: 16 mg/ml,Ethanol: 33 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 1 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.1719 mL | 20.8594 mL | 41.7188 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8344 mL | 4.1719 mL | 8.3438 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4172 mL | 2.0859 mL | 4.1719 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Investigation of clomazone-tolerance mechanism in a long-grain cultivar of rice
Pest Manag Sci 2021 May;77(5):2454-2461.PMID:33432689DOI:10.1002/ps.6274.
Background: Clomazone is a potent herbicide for controlling weeds that have evolved resistance to other herbicides due to its unique mode of action. Clomazone is used in rice cultivation, but is limited to long-grain cultivars because other cultivars are highly sensitive to it. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Clomazone tolerance in a long-grain cultivar. Results: The long-grain cultivar Kasalath tolerated approximately five-fold higher doses of Clomazone compared to two short-grain cultivars, Nipponbare and Koshihikari. While Arabidopsis thaliana transformed with a rice cytochrome P450, CYP81A6, showed resistance to Clomazone, the cyp81a6 knockout Kasalath was unchanged in its Clomazone sensitivity. The inheritance of Clomazone sensitivity in the F1 and F2 of Kasalath and Nipponbare indicated the involvement of multiple loci for Clomazone tolerance. Four chromosome segment substitution lines of Nipponbare/Kasalath and Koshihikari/Kasalath exhibited partial tolerance to Clomazone. The overlapping DNA region among the four lines is on chromosome 5 within 11.5 Mb. Conclusion: Multiple loci are involved in Clomazone tolerance in Kasalath, one of which is located on chromosome 5. This information will help develop short-grain cultivars tolerant to Clomazone. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Environmental fate and toxicology of Clomazone
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2014;229:35-49.PMID:24515809DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-03777-6_3.
Clomazone, an isoxazolane herbicide, was first registered for use in 1986 for pest grasses and broad leaf weeds. Although the exact mode of action is still unclear, it is well documented that Clomazone causes bleaching of foliar structures; the Clomazone metabolite 5-ketoclomazone is regarded to cause the bleaching and to be the ultimate plant toxicant. Although Clomazone exhibits low mammalian toxicity and is selective towards certain plant species, studies have shown that it does inhibit AChE and catalase activities. In addition, it has been found to be highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates, in particular mysid shrimp.Clomazone has a low Henry's law constant and moderate vapor pressure, and thus may volatilize from dry soils. Photolysis represents a minor dissipationpathway; however, Clomazone can be photolytically degraded under both direct and indirect conditions. Clomazone has high water solubility, and it is often assumed to undergo hydrolysis easily; unfortunately, this is not the case. Clomazone is stable over a wide pH range and does not hydrolyze. Clomazone has a weak to moderates oil adsorption coefficient; therefore, its affinity to sorb to soil is minimal, rendering it a potential threat to groundwater supplies.Microbial metabolism is the major degradation pathway, resulting in products such as 5-hydroxyclomazone, hydroxymethylclomazone, 2-chlorobenzyl alcohol and 3'-hydroxyclomazone. Although Clomazone has not been shown to degrade viahydrolysis, it nonetheless represents a potential threat to aquatic organisms. With this in mind, caution should be taken when applying Clomazone or when draining fields that have detectable Clomazone residues.
Clomazone improves the interactions between soil microbes and affects C and N cycling functions
Sci Total Environ 2021 May 20;770:144730.PMID:33736380DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144730.
Clomazone, a widely used herbicide, is mainly used in soybean fields. We previously found that Clomazone alters Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae abundances and also alters urease activity, which result in changes in NH4+ and NO3- contents in soil nitrogen cycling. It remains unknown, however, how the co-occurrence patterns of species and functions of soil ecosystems change in response to Clomazone applications in soil. We designed a 3-month greenhouse experiment to investigate soil microorganism dynamics in response to Clomazone. Clomazone was applied at three doses (e.g., T1, T10, T100), which significantly increased bacterial abundance at days 15 and 60. Fungal abundance was stimulated at day 30 in T10-treated soils, whereas fungal abundances decreased in T100-treated soils at day 15. Clomazone altered bacterial and fungal community structures. Network analyses showed more complex and highly connected microbial communities in clomazone-treated soils. Moreover, an Acidobacteria-dominated cluster was identified within each network of clomazone-treated soils. Clomazone applied at the recommended rate decreased the functional groups that were associated with denitrification and hydrogen oxidation at days 15 and 60, and enhanced photoheterotrophy from days 30 to 60. High Clomazone inputs increased trophic types (e.g., chemoheterotrophy, phototrophy, photoautotrophy and cyanobacteria) and C cycling functional groups (e.g., fermentation and cellulolysis). The half-life of Clomazone ranged from 40.1 to 93.5 days in three cases. Our results provide important information for use of this herbicide.
Clomazone impact on fungal network complexity and stability
Front Microbiol 2023 Jan 26;14:1124127.PMID:36778854DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124127.
Introduction: Soil fungal network composition and stability are important for soil functions, but there is less understanding of the impact of Clomazone on network complexity and stability. Methods: In this work, two agricultural soils were used to investigate the impact of Clomazone on fungal network complexity, composition, and stability. The two soils were treated with Clomazone solution (0, 0.8, 8, and 80 mg kg-1) and kept in an incubator. Results and discussion: Under the influence of Clomazone, the fungal network nodes were decreased by 12-42; however, the average degree was increased by 0.169-1.468 and fungal network density was increased by 0.003-0.054. The keystone nodes were significantly changed after Clomazone treatment. Network composition was also impacted. Specifically, compared with control and Clomazone treatments in both soils, the shared edges were fewer than 54 in all comparisons, and network dissimilarity was 0.97-0.98. These results suggested that fungal network composition was significantly impacted. The network robustness was increased by 0.0018-0.0209, and vulnerability was decreased by 0.00018-0.00059 in both soils, which indicated that fungal network stability was increased by Clomazone. In addition, the functions of network communities were also changed in both soils. These results indicated that Clomazone could significantly impact soil fungal networks.
Negative cross-resistance to Clomazone in imazethapyr-resistant Echinochloa crus-galli caused by increased metabolization
Pestic Biochem Physiol 2021 Oct;178:104918.PMID:34446194DOI:10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104918.
Herbicide resistance is frequently reported in E. crus-galli globally with target and non-target site resistance mechanism to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. However, resistance to certain herbicides can result in increased sensitivity to other herbicides, a phenomenon called negative cross-resistance. The objective of this study is to identify the occurrence of negative cross-resistance (NCR) to the pro-herbicide Clomazone in populations of E. crus-galli resistant to ALS inhibitors due to increased metabolization. Clomazone dose-response curves, with and without malathion, were performed in imazethapyr-resistant and -susceptible E. crus-galli biotypes. CYPs genes expression and antioxidant enzymes activity were also evaluated. The effective dose to reduce 50% (ED50) of dry shoot weight obtained in the Clomazone dose-response curves of the metabolic based imazethapyr-resistant and -susceptible biotypes groups were 22.712 and 58.745 g ha-1, respectively, resulting in a resistance factor (RF) of 0.37, indicating the occurrence of NCR. The application of malathion prior to Clomazone increased the resistance factor from 0.60 to 1.05, which indicate the reversion of the NCR. Some CYP genes evaluated were expressed in a higher level, ranging from 2.6-9.1 times according to the biotype and the gene, in the imazethapyr-resistant than in -susceptible biotypes following Clomazone application. Antioxidant enzyme activity was not associated with NCR. This study is the first report of NCR directly related to the mechanism of resistance increased metabolization in plants. The occurrence of NCR to Clomazone in E. crus-galli can help delay the evolution of herbicide resistance.