D-Cystine
(Synonyms: D-胱氨酸) 目录号 : GC61713
D-Cystine是L-Cystine的D型对映体。D-Cystine抑制大肠杆菌中的L-天冬氨酸-β-半醛脱氢酶(ASADH)的活性。
Cas No.:349-46-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
D-Cystine is the D-enantiomer of L-Cystine. D-Cystine inhibits L-aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) from Escherichia coli[1].
[1]. Emilio Alvarez, et al. L-cystine inhibits aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase by covalently binding to the essential 135Cys of the enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004 Jan 14;1696(1):23-9.
| Cas No. | 349-46-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | D-胱氨酸 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC([C@H](N)CSSC[C@@H](N)C(O)=O)=O | ||
| 分子式 | C6H12N2O4S2 | 分子量 | 240.3 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.1615 mL | 20.8073 mL | 41.6146 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8323 mL | 4.1615 mL | 8.3229 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4161 mL | 2.0807 mL | 4.1615 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
D-cysteine ethyl ester and D-Cystine dimethyl ester reverse the deleterious effects of morphine on arterial blood-gas chemistry and Alveolar-arterial gradient in anesthetized rats
Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2022 Aug;302:103912.PMID:35447347DOI:10.1016/j.resp.2022.103912.
We determined whether intravenous injections of the membrane-permeable ventilatory stimulants, D-cysteine ethyl ester (ethyl (2 S)- 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate) (D-CYSee) and D-Cystine dimethyl ester (methyl (2 S)- 2-amino-3-[[(2 S)- 2-amino-3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl]disulfanyl] propanoate) (D-CYSdime), could overcome the deleterious actions of intravenous morphine on arterial blood pH, pCO2, pO2 and sO2, and Alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., the measure of exchange of gases in the lungs) in Sprague Dawley rats anesthetized with isoflurane. Injection of morphine (2 mg/kg, IV) caused pronounced reductions in pH, pO2 and sO2 accompanied by elevations in pCO2, all which are suggestive of diminished ventilation, and elevations in A-a gradient, which suggests a mismatch of ventilation-perfusion. Subsequent boluses of D-cysteine ethyl ester (2 ×100 μmol/kg, IV) or D-Cystine dimethyl ester (2 ×50 μmol/kg, IV) rapidly reversed of the negative actions of morphine on pH, pCO2, pO2 and sO2, and A-a gradient. Similar injections of D-cysteine (2 ×100 μmol/kg, IV) were without effect, whereas injections of D-Cystine (2 ×50 μmol/kg, IV) produced a modest reversal. Our data show that D-cysteine ethyl ester and D-Cystine dimethyl ester readily overcome the deleterious effects of morphine on arterial blood gas (ABG) chemistry and A-a gradient by mechanisms that may depend upon their ability to rapidly enter cells. As a result of their known ability to enter the brain, lungs, muscles of the chest wall, and most likely the major peripheral chemoreceptors (i.e., carotid bodies), the effects of the thiolesters on changes in ABG chemistry and A-a gradient elicited by morphine likely involve central and peripheral mechanisms. We are employing target prediction methods to identify an array of in vitro and in vivo methods to test potential functional proteins by which D-CYSee and D-CYSdime modulate the effects of morphine on breathing.
D-Cystine di(m)ethyl ester reverses the deleterious effects of morphine on ventilation and arterial blood gas chemistry while promoting antinociception
Sci Rep 2021 May 11;11(1):10038.PMID:33976311DOI:10.1038/s41598-021-89455-2.
We have identified thiolesters that reverse the negative effects of opioids on breathing without compromising antinociception. Here we report the effects of D-Cystine diethyl ester (D-Cystine diEE) or D-Cystine dimethyl ester (D-Cystine diME) on morphine-induced changes in ventilation, arterial-blood gas chemistry, A-a gradient (index of gas-exchange in the lungs) and antinociception in freely moving rats. Injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) elicited negative effects on breathing (e.g., depression of tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory flow, and inspiratory drive). Subsequent injection of D-Cystine diEE (500 μmol/kg, IV) elicited an immediate and sustained reversal of these effects of morphine. Injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) also elicited pronounced decreases in arterial blood pH, pO2 and sO2 accompanied by pronounced increases in pCO2 (all indicative of a decrease in ventilatory drive) and A-a gradient (mismatch in ventilation-perfusion in the lungs). These effects of morphine were reversed in an immediate and sustained fashion by D-Cystine diME (500 μmol/kg, IV). Finally, the duration of morphine (5 and 10 mg/kg, IV) antinociception was augmented by D-Cystine diEE. D-Cystine diEE and D-Cystine diME may be clinically useful agents that can effectively reverse the negative effects of morphine on breathing and gas-exchange in the lungs while promoting antinociception. Our study suggests that the D-Cystine thiolesters are able to differentially modulate the intracellular signaling cascades that mediate morphine-induced ventilatory depression as opposed to those that mediate morphine-induced antinociception and sedation.
D-Cysteine Ethyl Ester Reverses the Deleterious Effects of Morphine on Breathing and Arterial Blood-Gas Chemistry in Freely-Moving Rats
Front Pharmacol 2022 Jun 23;13:883329.PMID:35814208DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.883329.
Cell-penetrant thiol esters including the disulfides, D-Cystine diethyl ester and D-Cystine dimethyl ester, and the monosulfide, L-glutathione ethyl ester, prevent and/or reverse the deleterious effects of opioids, such as morphine and fentanyl, on breathing and gas exchange within the lungs of unanesthetized/unrestrained rats without diminishing the antinociceptive or sedative effects of opioids. We describe here the effects of the monosulfide thiol ester, D-cysteine ethyl ester (D-CYSee), on intravenous morphine-induced changes in ventilatory parameters, arterial blood-gas chemistry, alveolar-arterial (A-a) gradient (i.e., index of gas exchange in the lungs), and sedation and antinociception in freely-moving rats. The bolus injection of morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) elicited deleterious effects on breathing, including depression of tidal volume, minute ventilation, peak inspiratory flow, and inspiratory drive. Subsequent injections of D-CYSee (2 × 500 μmol/kg, IV, given 15 min apart) elicited an immediate and sustained reversal of these effects of morphine. Morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) also A-a gradient, which caused a mismatch in ventilation perfusion within the lungs, and elicited pronounced changes in arterial blood-gas chemistry, including pronounced decreases in arterial blood pH, pO2 and sO2, and equally pronounced increases in pCO2 (all responses indicative of decreased ventilatory drive). These deleterious effects of morphine were immediately reversed by the injection of a single dose of D-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV). Importantly, the sedation and antinociception elicited by morphine (10 mg/kg, IV) were minimally affected by D-CYSee (500 μmol/kg, IV). In contrast, none of the effects of morphine were affected by administration of the parent thiol, D-cysteine (1 or 2 doses of 500 μmol/kg, IV). Taken together, these data suggest that D-CYSee may exert its beneficial effects via entry into cells that mediate the deleterious effects of opioids on breathing and gas exchange. Whether D-CYSee acts as a respiratory stimulant or counteracts the inhibitory actions of µ-opioid receptor activation remains to be determined. In conclusion, D-CYSee and related thiol esters may have clinical potential for the reversal of the adverse effects of opioids on breathing and gas exchange, while largely sparing antinociception and sedation.
D-Cystine utilization by the chick
Poult Sci 1978 Mar;57(2):562-3.PMID:674038DOI:10.3382/ps.0570562.
Young chicks were fed graded levels of either L-cystine or DL-cystine in a purified crystalline amino acid diet made adequate in methionine but void in cystine. Gain performance and slope-ratio efficacy comparisons indicated that the D-isomer of cystine could not be utilized by the chick.
Purification and Characterization of Cystine Lyase a from Broccoli Inflorescence
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1997 Jan;61(11):1890-5.PMID:27396740DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.1890.
One of the three isoforms of an enzyme degrading L-cystine was purified to homogeneity from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) inflorescences, with use of a sensitive assay based on derivatization of a reaction product with monobromobimane. The reaction product with a thiol group was found to be thiocysteine from results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Pyruvate was also a reaction product, formed in equimolar amounts. The purified enzyme catalyzed β-elimination of L-cystine to yield thiocysteine, pyruvate and possibly ammonia, so it was cystine lyase a. L-Cystine but not D-Cystine was a substrate of the enzyme. S-Methyl L-cysteine sulfoxide and S-ethyl L-cysteine sulfoxide were substrates but were less suitable than L-cystine. L- and D-cysteine and also cystathionine were not substrates. The purified enzyme (Mr 186,000) was composed of four identical subunits (Mr 45,000) and was pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent.