Demoxepam
(Synonyms: 地莫西泮) 目录号 : GC60754
Demoxepam是Chlordiazepoxide的主要代谢产物。Demoxepam对癌细胞系表现出细胞毒性活性。Demoxepam具有抗惊厥和抗焦虑作用。
Cas No.:963-39-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Demoxepam is a major metabolite of Chlordiazepoxide. Demoxepam exhibits cytotoxicity activity against cancer cell lines. Demoxepam has anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects[1][2].
[1]. Moustapha OuÉdraogo, et al. In vitro cytotoxicity study of oxaziridines generated after chlordiazepoxide, demoxepam, and desmethylchlordiazepoxide UV irradiation. Drug Chem Toxicol. 2009;32(4):417-23. [2]. Gregory G Sarris, et al. Demoxepam Derivatization and GC-MS Analysis Produces Erroneous Nordiazepam and Oxazepam Results. J Anal Toxicol. 2019 Jun 1;43(5):406-410.
| Cas No. | 963-39-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 地莫西泮 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1NC2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C(C3=CC=CC=C3)=[N+]([O-])C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C15H11ClN2O2 | 分子量 | 286.71 |
| 溶解度 | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C | |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.4878 mL | 17.4392 mL | 34.8784 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6976 mL | 3.4878 mL | 6.9757 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3488 mL | 1.7439 mL | 3.4878 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Demoxepam Derivatization and GC-MS Analysis Produces Erroneous Nordiazepam and Oxazepam Results
J Anal Toxicol 2019 Jun 1;43(5):406-410.PMID:30796822DOI:10.1093/jat/bkz006.
Demoxepam, when derivatized by silylation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), produces artifacts which are falsely identified as nordiazepam and oxazepam. Demoxepam was analyzed unextracted at various concentrations, using different derivatization procedures, and on different GC-MS systems. Oxazepam and nordiazepam were consistently identified in neat Demoxepam samples, despite the changing variables. Under certain conditions, oxazepam was identified as low as 50 ng/mL derivatized Demoxepam, and nordiazepam identified as low as 500 ng/mL derivatized Demoxepam. The analysis of underivatized Demoxepam resulted in nordiazepam detection at levels ≥2,500 ng/mL, whereas oxazepam was not detectable at or below 10,000 ng/mL Demoxepam. Isolating the derivatization procedures and GC-MS analyses demonstrates that these processes are responsible for any degradation or rearrangement reactions which are taking place. Laboratories which follow similar procedures for benzodiazepine confirmations should consider these findings when interpreting analytical data from chlordiazepoxide cases.
Assay of chlordiazepoxide and Demoxepam in chlordiazepoxide formulations by difference spectrophotometry
J Pharm Sci 1984 Jan;73(1):55-8.PMID:6694083DOI:10.1002/jps.2600730114.
Rapid difference spectrophotometric methods for chlordiazepoxide and Demoxepam in chlordiazepoxide formulations are described which overcome the nonspecificity of the official spectrophotometric assays. The procedures are based on the measurement of the difference absorbance at 269 nm of equimolar solutions of chlordiazepoxide at pH 8 and pH 3 and the difference absorbance at 263 nm of equimolar solutions of Demoxepam at pH 13 and pH 8. The methods are specific for chlordiazepoxide and Demoxepam in the presence of both compounds, 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone, certain coformulated drugs, and formulation excipients. Analyses of commercial dosage forms of chlordiazepoxide have shown the presence of Demoxepam at concentrations in excess of the pharmacopoeial specifications in some aged samples.
Use of direct-probe mass spectrometry as a toxicology confirmation method for Demoxepam in urine following high-performance liquid chromatography
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1996 Aug 30;683(2):199-208.PMID:8891916DOI:10.1016/0378-4347(96)00119-3.
The identification of the metabolite Demoxepam in human urine establishes that chlordiazepoxide, a common benzodiazepine, has been administered. Like N-oxide metabolites of other drugs, Demoxepam cannot be detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), due to thermal decomposition, and the product, nordiazepam, is a metabolite common to many benzodiazepines. Demoxepam can be readily screened using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system such as REMEDi HS; at 35 degrees C, no thermal decomposition will occur. Currently, there is no confirmation method available for the detection of Demoxepam in urine samples. In this study, we demonstrated that following collection of the HPLC fraction, Demoxepam can be confirmed using the technique of direct-probe MS. The mass spectra of Demoxepam and nordiazepam differ and are easily distinguishable from each other. Ten urine samples that were analyzed by HPLC and determined to contain Demoxepam were evaluated; Demoxepam was confirmed in each case by direct-probe MS.
The rapid hydrolysis of chlordiazepoxide to Demoxepam may affect the outcome of chronic osmotic minipump studies
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2010 Mar;208(4):555-62.PMID:20066402DOI:10.1007/s00213-009-1752-8.
Background: In chronic studies, the classical benzodiazepine chlordiazepoxide (CDP) is often the preferred drug because, unlike other benzodiazepines, it is soluble in water. However, rapid CDP hydrolysis in solution has been described. This would diminish plasma levels in chronic minipump studies and introduce the corelease of active compounds. Methods: Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the putative hydrolysis of CDP in aqueous solution over time and to identify the hydrolysis products. Moreover, we aimed to characterize the hydrolysis products for their in vitro (3H-flunitrazepam binding and oocyte electrophysiology) and in vivo (stress-induced hyperthermia paradigm) GABAA receptor potency. Results: CDP in solution hydrolyzed to the ketone structure Demoxepam which was confirmed using mass spectrometry. The hydrolysis was concentration dependent (first-order kinetics) and temperature dependent. CDP exerted greater potency compared to Demoxepam in vitro (increased activity at GABAA receptors containing α1 subunits) and in vivo (stress-induced hyperthermia), although 3H-flunitrazepam binding was comparable. Conclusions: The classical benzodiazepine CDP is rapidly hydrolyzed in solution to the active compound Demoxepam which possesses a reduced activity at the GABAA receptor. Chronic studies that use CDP in aqueous solution should thus be interpreted with caution. It is therefore important to consider drug stability in chronic minipump applications.
Kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysis of 1,4-benzodiazepines I: chlordiazepoxide and Demoxepam
J Pharm Sci 1976 Aug;65(8):1198-204.PMID:10416DOI:10.1002/jps.2600650817.
Differential absorbance spectroscopy was successfully used to follow the hydrolysis kinetics of chlordiazepoxide and Demoxepam from pH 1 to 11. Loss of the methylamino group from chlordiazepoxide produced Demoxepam. Demoxepam degraded by a parallel consecutive reaction to 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone and a glycine derivative. Two intermediates were observed by TLC for Demoxepam hydrolysis. One was assigned the open-ring structure resulting from amide hydrolysis, which kinetically appears to be the major mechanistic route leading to the benzophenone product. The other intermediate, representing an alternative but minor pathway, presumably results from initial scission of the azomethine linkage. Protonation of the N-oxide slightly alters the importance of these two pathways. Recyclization of the carboxylic acid intermediate was facile at pH values below the pKa of this intermediate. The stability parameters involving buffer catalysis, ionic strength effects, and temperature dependence of rate constants are reported.