DiD (4-chlorobenzenesulfonate salt)

DiD is a lipophilic fluorescent probe.¹ It is rapidly incorporated into phospholipid cell membranes and has been used to label the plasma membrane and endocytic organelles in bovine aorta endothelial cells and rat hippocampal slices.^1,2,3 DiD has also been used to assess proliferation in prostate cancer cell lines by flow cytometry, where high DiD-expressing cell populations are associated with lower proliferation.¹ DiD is not cytotoxic and can be detected in subcutaneously implanted PC3 cells in vivo after three weeks. It displays absorption/emission maxima of 650/670 nm, respectively.⁴

References:
[1]. Yumoto, K., Berry, J.E., Taichman, R.S., et al.A novel method for monitoring tumor proliferation in vivo using fluorescent dye DiDCytometry A.85(6)548-555(2014).
[2]. Dailey, M.E., and Waite, M.Confocal imaging of microglial cell dynamics in hippocampal slice culturesMethods18(2)222-230(1999).
[3]. Lin, C.P., Lynch, M.C., and Kochevar, I.E.Reactive oxidizing species produced near the plasma membrane induce apoptosis in bovine aorta endothelial cellsExp. Cell Res.259(2)351-359(2000).
[4]. Ribeiro, T., Raja, S., Rodrigues, A.S., et al.NIR and visible perylenediimide-silica nanoparticles for laser scanning bioimagingDyes Pigments110227-234(2014).