Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123)

Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123) is a non-fluorescent precursor that transforms into the fluorescent compound rhodamine 123 (Rh123⁺) upon oxidation. This transformation process makes DHR 123 a useful tool for detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. Dihydrorhodamine 123 can cross the cell membrane, and once inside the cell, it is oxidized by ROS into Rh123⁺, producing green fluorescence that accumulates in the mitochondrial matrix. The excitation wavelength of Rh123⁺ is 485nm, and its emission wavelength is 528nm^[1]. Dihydrorhodamine 123 can also be used as an indicator for the formation of intracellular peroxynitrite^[2].

References:

[1] Wing-Kee Lee, Stephanie Probst, Bettina Scharner, et al. Distinct concentration-dependent oxidative stress profiles by cadmium in a rat kidney proximal tubule cell line[J] Archives of Toxicology. 30 January 2024.

[2] Crow, J.P. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein and dihydrorhodamine 123 are sensitive indicators of peroxynitrite in vitro: Implications for intracellular measurement of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species Nitric Oxide1(2)145-157(1997).

Dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123)是一种非荧光前体，它在氧化时转化为荧光化合物rhodamine 123(Rh123⁺ )。这种转换过程使得DHR 123成为检测细胞内活性氧种类（ROS）的有用工具。Dihydrorhodamine 123可以穿过细胞膜，进入细胞内部会被活性氧氧化成Rh123⁺，产生绿色荧光，在线粒体基质中积累。Rh123⁺激发波长为485nm，发射波长为528nm^[1]。Dihydrorhodamine 123也可以用作细胞内过氧亚硝酸盐形成的指示剂^[2]。