Dihydrosanguinarine (13,14-Dihydrosanguinarine)

Dihydrosanguinarine is an alkaloid and a metabolite of the alkaloid sanguinarine that has diverse biological activities, including anticancer, fungicidal, and antiprotozoal properties.^1,2,3 It inhibits proliferation of PANC-1, SW 1990, and HPDE6c7 cancer cells when used at concentrations of 10, 20, and 30 ?M.¹ It also reduces the levels of phosphorylated ERK and C-RAF, halts the cell cycle at the G₀/G₁ and G₂/M phases, and induces apoptosis in PANC-1 cells. Dihydrosanguinarine inhibits spore germination of the phytopathogenic fungi B. cinerea and E. graminis in vitro (EC₅₀s = 56.35 and 95.75 ?g/ml, respectively).² It has protective and curative effects against B. cinerea and E. graminis when applied as a spray to plants either before or after infection, respectively, at concentrations of 100 and 500 ?g/ml. Dihydrosanguinarine is also effective against I. multifiliis infestation in S. curriculus (EC₅₀ = 5.18 mg/L) with an LC₅₀ value of 13.3 mg/L.³

1.Wu, S.-Z., Xu, H.-C., Wu, X.-L., et al.Dihydrosanguinarine suppresses pancreatic cancer cells via regulation of mut-p53/WT-p53 and the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk pathwayPhytomedicine59152895(2019) 2.Feng, G., Zhang, J., and Liu, Y.-Q.Inhibitory activity of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine against phytopathogenic fungiNat. Prod. Res.25(11)1082-1089(2011) 3.Yao, J.-Y., Zhou, Z.-M., Li, X.-L., et al.Antiparasitic efficacy of dihydrosanguinarine and dihydrochelerythrine from Macleaya microcarpa against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in richadsin (Squaliobarbus curriculus)Vet. Parasitol.183(1-2)8-13(2011)