Dimethoate
(Synonyms: 乐果) 目录号 : GC60139
An organophosphate pesticide
Cas No.:60-51-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Dimethoate is an organophosphate pesticide.1 It is acaricidal against Kanzawa spider mites (LC50 = 7 ppm in an aqueous suspension) and inhibits purified Kanzawa spider mite acetylcholinesterase (AChE; IC50 = 3.3-5.2 nM). Dimethoate (50-200 μM) reduces motility and viability and induces abnormal morphology of rat sperm.2 It also increases production of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduces superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activities in rat epididymal sperm. In vivo, dimethoate (28 mg/kg per day) decreases sperm count, motility, and viability and increases the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm in rats.3 Dimethoate also induces formation of carcinomas in the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands of male and female rats as well as testicular atrophy, chronic renal disease, polyarteritis, and parathyroid hyperplasia in male rats.4
1.Kuwahara, M.Insensitivity of the acetylcholinesterase from the organophosphate-resistant Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawa Kishida (Acarina: Tetranychidae) to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticidesAppl. Ent. Zool.17(4)486-493(1982) 2.Ben Abdallah, F., Fetoui, H., Zribi, N., et al.Antioxidant supplementations in vitro improve rat sperm parameters and enhance antioxidant enzyme activities against dimethoate-induced sperm damagesAndrologia44(Suppl 1)272-279(2012) 3.Abdallah, F.B., Slima, A.B., Dammak, I., et al.Comparative effects of dimethoate and deltamethrin on reproductive system in male miceAndrologia42(3)182-186(2010) 4.Reuber, M.D.Carcinogenicity of dimethoateEnviron. Res.34(2)193-211(1984)
| Cas No. | 60-51-5 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 乐果 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | S=P(OC)(SCC(NC)=O)OC | ||
| 分子式 | C5H12NO3PS2 | 分子量 | 229.26 |
| 溶解度 | H2O : 10.42 mg/mL (45.45 mM; ultrasonic and warming and heat to 60°C) | 储存条件 | Store at 2-8°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.3619 mL | 21.8093 mL | 43.6186 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8724 mL | 4.3619 mL | 8.7237 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4362 mL | 2.1809 mL | 4.3619 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Dimethoate residues in Pakistan and mitigation strategies through microbial degradation: a review
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022 Jul;29(34):51367-51383.PMID:35616845DOI:10.1007/s11356-022-20933-4.
Organophosphate pesticides (OPs) are used extensively for crop protection worldwide due to their high water solubility and relatively low persistence in the environment compared to other pesticides, such as organochlorines. Dimethoate is a broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the thio-organophosphate group of OPs. It is applied to cash crops, animal farms, and houses. It has been used in Pakistan since the 1960s, either alone or in a mixture with other OPs or pyrethroids. However, the uncontrolled use of this pesticide has resulted in residual accumulation in water, soil, and tissues of plants via the food chain, causing toxic effects. This review article has compiled and analyzed data reported in the literature between 1998 and 2021 regarding Dimethoate residues and their microbial bioremediation. Different microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and algae have shown potential for bioremediation. However, an extensive role of bacteria has been observed compared to other microorganisms. Twenty bacterial, three fungal, and one algal genus with potential for the remediation of Dimethoate have been assessed. Active bacterial biodegraders belong to four classes (i) alpha-proteobacteria, (ii) gamma-proteobacteria, (iii) beta-proteobacteria, and (iv) actinobacteria and flavobacteria. Microorganisms, especially bacterial species, are a sustainable technology for Dimethoate bioremediation from environmental samples. Yet, new microbial species or consortia should be explored.
Dimethoate induces genotoxicity as a result of oxidative stress: in vivo and in vitro studies
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021 Aug;28(32):43274-43286.PMID:34189686DOI:10.1007/s11356-021-15090-z.
Dimethoate ([O,O-dimethyl S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) phosphorodithioate]) is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide widely used for agricultural purposes. Genotoxicity refers to the ability of a chemical agent interact directly to DNA or act indirectly leading to DNA damage by affecting spindle apparatus or enzymes involved in DNA replication, thereby causing mutations. Taking into consideration the importance of genotoxicity induced by Dimethoate, the purpose of this manuscript was to provide a mini review regarding genotoxicity induced by Dimethoate as a result of oxidative stress. The present study was conducted on studies available in MEDLINE, PUBMED, EMBASE, and Google scholar for all kind of articles (all publications published until May, 2020) using the following key words: Dimethoate, omethoate, DNA damage, genetic damage, oxidative stress, genotoxicity, mutation, and mutagenicity. The results showed that many studies were published in the scientific literature; the approach was clearly demonstrated in multiple tissues and organs, but few papers were designed in humans. In summary, new studies within the field are important for better understanding the pathobiological events of genotoxicity on human cells, particularly to explain what cells and/or tissues are more sensitive to genotoxic insult induced by Dimethoate.
Carcinogenicity of Dimethoate
Environ Res 1984 Aug;34(2):193-211.PMID:6378617DOI:10.1016/0013-9351(84)90089-6.
Studies on the carcinogenicity of the insecticide Dimethoate in animals were reviewed. Examination of histological sections showed that Dimethoate is highly carcinogenic in Osborne-Mendel rats. Neoplasms at all sites, as well as malignant neoplasms, were increased in both low and high doses of dimethoate-treated male rats in the National Cancer Institute study. The malignant neoplasms were both carcinomas and sarcomas. Neoplasms of the endocrine organs, particularly carcinomas, were increased in male and female rats given Dimethoate. These carcinomas were observed in the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands. Neoplasms were also increased in the liver of male and female rats and in the reproductive organs of female rats given Dimethoate. Male and female rats treated with Dimethoate developed monocytic leukemia. There also were toxic changes in rats. Male rats had atrophy of the testes, chronic renal disease, parathyroid hyperplasia, and polyarteritis. Wistar male and female rats given Dimethoate by gavage or intramuscularly developed a significant increase in malignant neoplasms, mainly sarcomas, and granulocytic leukemia. AB male and female mice also had an increased incidence of malignant neoplasms and granulocytic leukemia after dermal applications of Dimethoate.
Dimethoate absorption: A complementary in vitro and in vivo assessment
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2022 Oct;95:103961.PMID:35995379DOI:10.1016/j.etap.2022.103961.
This work attempts to evaluate dermal exposure (DE) of farm workers to Dimethoate after 4 h of routine application to a lemon plantation. Dimethoate was measured on the workers' clothes as well as in stratum corneum (SC) and in saliva. In vitro permeation tests (IVPT) were performed through rat, pig and human skin and pig buccal, esophageal and sublingual mucosas. The mean of Dimethoate DE was 342.19 ± 487.14 mg/d, the percentage of toxic dose per hour was higher than the other pesticides, and the SC penetration factors ranged between 0.5 and 14.81 and 0.05-53.96 % for back of neck and arms respectively. In the supporting IVPT study, Dimethoate absorption through human skin was 14.75 % and the default value in the absence of experimental data for this product is 70%. These results show that in family farming the deficiency of correct clothing during the application of pesticides leaves workers more vulnerable.
Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Dimethoate
Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2016;237:53-70.PMID:26613988DOI:10.1007/978-3-319-23573-8_3.
The insecticide Dimethoate, an organophosphate, was first introduced in 1962 for broad spectrum control of a wide range of insects including mites, flies, aphids, and plant hoppers. It inhibits AChE activity, resulting in nerve damage, which may lead to death. It is considered highly toxic to insects although Dimethoate resistance has been observed. Dimethoate has both a low vapor pressure (0.247 mPa) and Henry's law constant (l.42x10(-6) Pa m3/mol), thus volatilization is not a major route of dissipation from either water or moist soils. Photolysis is considered a minor dissipation pathway. However, studies have shown that in the presence of a catalyst, the rate of photolysis does increase. The insecticide has high water solubility (39,800 mg/L) and under alkaline conditions, hydrolysis predominates representing a major degradation pathway. It has a low soil sorption capacity (Koc=20) which varies by soil type and organic matter content. Dimethoate is degraded by microbes under anaerobic conditions and bacterial species have been identified that are capable of using Dimethoate as a carbon source. Although many intermediate by-products have been identified by abiotic and biotic processes, the major degradation product is omethoate. Dimethoate has been found to adversely impact many organisms. In plants, photosynthesis and growth are highly impacted, whereas birds exhibit inhibition in brain enzyme activity, thus sublethal effects are apparent. Furthermore, aquatic organisms are expected to be highly impacted via direct exposure, often displaying changes in swimming behavior. Toxicity results include inhibition in growth and more importantly, inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity.