Dipivefrin (hydrochloride)
(Synonyms: 盐酸地匹福林,Dipivefrine hydrochloride) 目录号 : GC43476A prodrug of epinephrine
Cas No.:64019-93-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Dipivefrin is a prodrug of epinephrine that is hydrolyzed by cholinesterase and other esterases in the cornea to epinephrine. It reduces the density of cultured bovine primary trabecular meshwork cells (IC50 = 115 µM). Additionally, it induces an elongated, fibroblast-like morphology and disrupts the actin cytoskeleton in bovine primary trabecular meshwork cells when used at a concentration of 103 µM. In cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells, dipivefrin (28 µM) enhances calcium signaling and induces cytotoxicity. Dipivefrin also suppresses primary human corneal keratinocyte proliferation when used at a concentration of 280 µM. Formulations containing dipivefrin have been used alone and in combination with β-adrenergic receptor antagonists for the treatment of glaucoma.
| Cas No. | 64019-93-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 盐酸地匹福林,Dipivefrine hydrochloride | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(C(C)(C)C)OC1=C(OC(C(C)(C)C)=O)C=C(C(CNC)O)C=C1.Cl | ||
| 分子式 | C19H29NO5•HCl | 分子量 | 387.9 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 33 mg/ml,DMSO: 33 mg/ml,Ethanol: 33 mg/ml,PBS (pH 7.2): 10 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.578 mL | 12.8899 mL | 25.7798 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5156 mL | 2.578 mL | 5.156 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2578 mL | 1.289 mL | 2.578 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Dipivefrin: current concepts
Aust J Ophthalmol 1980 May;8(2):147-50.PMID:7004425DOI:10.1111/j.1442-9071.1980.tb01673.x.
Pro-drugs are agents that require biotransformation prior to exhibiting pharmacologic activity. Dipivefrin (dipivalyl epinephrine or DPE) is an epinephrine pro-drug produced by the addition of two pivalic acid groups to the parent compound. This creates a more lipophilic molecule which penetrates the cornea more readily than epinephrine. Enzymes in ocular tissues convert Dipivefrin into its active form, epinephrine. In concentrations approximately one-tenth that of epinephrine, topically applied Dipivefrin therefore produces: (1) similar intra-ocular concentrations of epinephrine; (2) similar reductions in intra-ocular pressure (IOP); (3) similar degrees of mydriasis; and (4) fewer extraocular and systemic side effects. For reasons that are discussed, Dipivefrin should probably not be used in conjunction with anticholinesterases. Dipivefrin offers the same risk of cystoid macular oedema as does epinephrine. Dipivefrin is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated alternative to epinephrine in the treatment of elevated IOP. It is particularly useful for patients who cannot tolerate epinephrine.
A combination of levobunolol and Dipivefrin for the treatment of glaucoma
Arch Ophthalmol 1988 Jul;106(7):904-7.PMID:3291837DOI:10.1001/archopht.1988.01060140050022.
This double-masked prospective study compared the ocular hypotensive efficacy and the safety of 0.5% and 1% levobunolol hydrochloride with 0.5% timolol maleate when each was administered topically twice daily in combination with 0.1% Dipivefrin hydrochloride. Forty-three patients whose intraocular pressure was previously controlled by concomitant treatment with timolol and Dipivefrin were randomly assigned to receive 0.5% or 1% levobunolol and 0.1% Dipivefrin, or to continue to receive 0.5% timolol and 0.1% Dipivefrin for three months. In the groups receiving levobunolol and Dipivefrin concurrently, continued intraocular pressure control was achieved equal to that attained with timolol and Dipivefrin before study entry. We concluded that concomitant treatment with levobunolol and Dipivefrin is equal in both efficacy and safety to concomitant treatment with timolol and Dipivefrin.
Thermoresponsive sol-gel improves ocular bioavailability of Dipivefrin hydrochloride and potentially reduces the elevated intraocular pressure in vivo
Saudi Pharm J 2020 Aug;28(8):1019-1029.PMID:32792847DOI:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.07.001.
The present study involves the development of Dipivefrin hydrochloride (DV) containing Poloxamers (P407 and P188)-Carbopol-934 (CP) based thermoresponsive-gels for the management of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Optimal formulation was evaluated for gelation temperature (Tgel), physicochemical and viscoelastic properties, in-vitro gel dissolution and drug release studies. The in-vivo safety, precorneal retention, ocular pharmacokinetics and efficacy in reducing IOP were also evaluated. Tgel of DV-containing thermoresponsive-gels were between 35.1 and 38.9 °C and it was Poloxamers and CP concentrations dependent. The optimal formulation (F8), composed of 20% P407, 5% P188 and 0.15% CP (w/v), had a Tgel of 35 °C. Its viscosity indicated good flow at room temperature and ability to convert to gel at ocular temperature and the rheology studies revealed favorable characteristics for its ocular use. In precorneal retention experiment, F8 indicated significantly higher area under concentrations curves as compared to DV-aqueous suspension (DV-AqS). In-vivo ocular pharmacokinetics indicated a significant improvement in ophthalmic bioavailability of epinephrine (active form of DV). F8 was non-irritant to the eyes and showed a successful, continuous and superior ability to reduce IOP compared to DV-AqS in rabbits. In conclusion, our developed system could be an appropriate substitute to the conventional DV eye preparations in the management of elevated IOP.
Effects of Dipivefrin and pilocarpine on pupil diameter, automated perimetry and LogMAR acuity
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1999 Feb;237(2):117-24.PMID:9987628DOI:10.1007/s004170050206.
Background: A study was carried out to ascertain, in ophthalmologically normal subjects, the short-term effects of Dipivefrin hydrochloride 0.1% on visual performance and make comparisons with pilocarpine. Methods: Twelve normal volunteers aged 20-26 years attended on three occasions. One eye, randomly selected, received one drop of either pilocarpine 2%, Dipivefrin or saline 0.9%. High- and low-contrast LogMAR acuity at 6 m and pupil diameter (measured by infra-red pupillometry) were recorded at baseline (T0) and at intervals up to 90 min following instillation of drops. Program 30-2 of the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer (HFA) was run at T0 and at 60 min after treatment instillation (T60). Saline was always instilled at visit 1, to allow for learning effects. On visits 2 and 3 either pilocarpine or Dipivefrin was randomly instilled into the treated eye. Results: Pilocarpine significantly worsened the field global indices mean deviation (P < 0.001) and pattern standard deviation (P < 0.01) compared with T0. There was no significant change with Dipivefrin. A significant (P = 0.01) pupil dilation from 5.44 mm (SD 0.79) at T0 to 6.19 mm (SD 1.09) at T90 occurred with Dipivefrin. Pilocarpine caused significant miosis. No significant changes in LogMAR values were found with Dipivefrin. Pilocarpine significantly (P < 0.01) increased LogMAR values (i.e. reduced acuity) compared with Dipivefrin. At T30 the mean increase in LogMAR was 0.76 (SD 0.30) for high and 0.83 (SD 0.11) for low contrast. By T90 recovery of acuity was virtually complete. Conclusions: In normals Dipivefrin causes mydriasis but does not affect the central visual field global indices (as assessed by STATPAC), or high- and low-contrast LogMAR acuity. Pilocarpine adversely affects the visual field and both measures of acuity. Knowledge of these effects is of value in glaucoma therapy and when monitoring the progression of visual loss.
Enzymatic and nonenzymatic hydrolysis of D,L-dipivefrin
Arch Ophthalmol 1984 Mar;102(3):457-60.PMID:6703997DOI:10.1001/archopht.1984.01040030371041.
D,L-dipivefrin hydrochloride was administered bilaterally to rabbit eyes five or 150 minutes after unilateral application of a cholinesterase inhibitor. Aqueous humor levels of D,L-epinephrine, measured 30 minutes later by high-performance liquid chromatography, were not significantly different in the two eyes. Nonenzymatic conversion of D,L-dipivefrin to D,L-epinephrine was measured in tissue-free (pH 7.4) solutions; after three hours less than 1% of D,L-dipivefrin became D,L-epinephrine. Homogenates of corneal epithelium were 16 times more effective in converting D,L-dipivefrin to D,L-epinephrine than after heat-inactivation. The ocular hypotension produced by 0.25% D,L-dipivefrin eyedrops was unaffected by prior administration of 0.25% echothiophate iodide eyedrops provided the D,L-dipivefrin was administered after the echothiophate-induced ocular hypertensive phase. It was concluded that D,L-dipivefrin was converted to D,L-epinephrine in vivo primarily by enzymatic hydrolysis and that cholinesterase inhibitors did not affect this conversion.