Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide

Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide (DSSO) is a homobifunctional, amine-targeted, sulfoxide-containing cross-linker used for the analysis of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) by cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS)^{[1, 2]}. Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide is suitable for model peptides and proteins as well as multi-subunit protein complexes^[3]. Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide contains two symmetrical collision-induced dissociation (CID) cleavable sites, which can effectively identify DSSO-cross-linked peptides based on different fragmentation patterns unique to the cross-link type^[4]. The membrane-permeable Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide spacer generates labeled peptides after cleavage, which can be unambiguously identified by collision-induced dissociation in XL-MS^[5]. Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide is a bifunctional N-hydroxysuccinimide-ester reagent with a spacer arm length of 10.1Å, which has the advantage of being able to fragment well in the gas phase^[6]. Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide reacts selectively with peptide amino groups in solution, thereby capturing adjacent lysine residues^[6].

References:
[1] Kao A. Elucidating Elusive Structures: Determining 26S Proteasome Topology by Development of Novel High-throughput Cross-linking Mass Spectrometry Methodologies[M]. University of California, Irvine, 2013.
[2] Yu C, Novitsky E J, Cheng N W, et al. Exploring spacer arm structures for designs of asymmetric sulfoxide-containing MS-cleavable cross-linkers[J]. Analytical chemistry, 2020, 92(8): 6026-6033.
[3] Gutierrez C B. Expanding the Chemical Cross-linking Tool Kit for Cross-linking Mass Spectrometry[M]. University of California, Irvine, 2020.
[4] Kao A, Chiu C, Vellucci D, et al. Development of a novel cross-linking strategy for fast and accurate identification of cross-linked peptides of protein complexes[J]. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics, 2011, 10(1).
[5] Chavez J D, Bruce J E. Chemical cross-linking with mass spectrometry: a tool for systems structural biology[J]. Current opinion in chemical biology, 2019, 48: 8-18.
[6] Fagerlund R D, Wilkinson M E, Klykov O, et al. Spacer capture and integration by a type IF Cas1–Cas2-3 CRISPR adaptation complex[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2017, 114(26): E5122-E5128.

Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide（DSSO）是一种双功能、胺靶向、含亚砜的交联剂，用于通过交联质谱（XL-MS）分析蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）^{[1, 2]}。Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide适用于模型肽和蛋白质以及多亚基蛋白质复合物^[3]。Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide含有两个对称的碰撞诱导解离（CID）可裂解位点，可根据交联类型独有的不同碎裂模式有效识别DSSO交联肽^[4]。膜渗透性Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide裂解后间隔区产生标记肽，能够通过XL-MS中的碰撞诱导解离进行明确识别^[5]。Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide是一种双官能N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺-酯试剂，具有10.1Å的间隔臂长度，优点是在气相中能够很好地片段化^[6]。Disuccinimidyl Sulfoxide在溶液中选择性地与肽氨基反应，从而捕获紧邻的赖氨酸残基^[6]。