Ectoine
(Synonyms: 依克多因；四氢甲基嘧啶羧酸) 目录号 : GC39290
A microbial metabolite with photoprotectant and anti-inflammatory activities
Cas No.:96702-03-3
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
;)
,-1-7$$$37316672.jpg');)
;)
;)
$$$36806353.jpg');)
;33(7)%EF%BC%9A546-561$$$37156877.jpg');)
;)
;)
;)
%201124-1138.$$$35908550.jpg');)
%20766-780.$$$37100057.jpg');)
%20418-432.$$$36893736.jpg');)
%EF%BC%9A-240-255.$$$35108512.jpg');)
533-545$$$36543525.jpg');)
%201-13.$$$36600053.jpg');)
;)
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Ectoine is a microbial metabolite that has been found in extremophilic bacteria and has photoprotectant and anti-inflammatory activities.1,2 It is biosynthesized in bacteria that grow in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures, intensive sun irradiation, and drought, to protect macromolecules against environmental stressors. Ectoine (1 mM) reduces UVA-induced AP-2 activation, ICAM1 expression, and second messenger release in isolated human keratinocytes.1 In vivo, ectoine (100 mg/kg) reduces intestinal crypt damage, edema, and leukocyte infiltration in a mouse model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate .2
1.Buenger, J., and Driller, H.Ectoin: An effective natural substance to prevent UVA-induced premature photoagingSkin Pharmacol. Physiol.17(5)232-237(2004) 2.Castro-Ochoa, K.F., Vargas-Robles, H., Chánez Paredes, S., et al.Homoectoine protects against colitis by preventing a claudin switch in epithelial tight junctionsDig. Dis. Sci.64(2)409-420(2019)
| Cas No. | 96702-03-3 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 依克多因；四氢甲基嘧啶羧酸 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C([C@H]1NC(C)=NCC1)O | ||
| 分子式 | C6H10N2O2 | 分子量 | 142.16 |
| 溶解度 | Water : 250 mg/mL (1758.58 mM) | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
||
| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 7.0343 mL | 35.1716 mL | 70.3433 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.4069 mL | 7.0343 mL | 14.0687 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.7034 mL | 3.5172 mL | 7.0343 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Ectoine in the Treatment of Irritations and Inflammations of the Eye Surface
Biomed Res Int 2021 Feb 9;2021:8885032.PMID:33628826DOI:10.1155/2021/8885032.
The ocular surface is facing various unspecific stress factors resulting in irritation and inflammation of the epithelia, causing discomfort to the patients. Ectoine is a bacteria-derived extremolyte with the ability to protect proteins and biological membranes from damage caused by extreme environmental conditions like heat, UV-light, high osmolarity, or dryness. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies attest its effectiveness in treating several epithelium-associated inflammatory diseases, including the eye surface. In this review, we analysed 16 recent clinical trials investigating Ectoine eye drops in patients with allergic conjunctivitis or with other unspecific ocular inflammations caused by e.g. ophthalmic surgery. Findings from these studies were reviewed in context with other published work on Ectoine. In summary, patients with irritations and unspecific inflammations of the ocular surface have been treated successfully with ectoine-containing eye drops. In these patients, significant improvement was observed in ocular symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, postoperative secondary dry eye syndrome, or ocular reepithelisation after surgery. Using Ectoine as an add-on therapy to antihistamines, in allergy patients accelerated symptom relief by days, and its use as an add-on to antibiotics resulted in faster wound closure. Ectoine is a natural substance with an excellent tolerability and safety profile thus representing a helpful alternative for patients with inflammatory irritation of the ocular surface, who wish to avoid local reactions and side effects associated with pharmacological therapies or wish to increase the efficacy of standard treatment regimen.
Microbial production of Ectoine and hydroxyectoine as high-value chemicals
Microb Cell Fact 2021 Mar 26;20(1):76.PMID:33771157DOI:10.1186/s12934-021-01567-6.
Ectoine and hydroxyectoine as typical representatives of compatible solutes are not only essential for extremophiles to survive in extreme environments, but also widely used in cosmetic and medical industries. Ectoine was traditionally produced by Halomonas elongata through a "bacterial milking" process, of which the marked feature is using a high-salt medium to stimulate Ectoine biosynthesis and then excreting Ectoine into a low-salt medium by osmotic shock. The optimal hydroxyectoine production was achieved by optimizing the fermentation process of Halomonas salina. However, high-salinity broth exacerbates the corrosion to fermenters, and more importantly, brings a big challenge to the subsequent wastewater treatment. Therefore, increasing attention has been paid to reducing the salinity of the fermentation broth but without a sacrifice of Ectoine/hydroxyectoine production. With the fast development of functional genomics and synthetic biology, quite a lot of progress on the bioproduction of Ectoine/hydroxyectoine has been achieved in recent years. The importation and expression of an Ectoine producing pathway in a non-halophilic chassis has so far achieved the highest titer of Ectoine (~ 65 g/L), while rational flux-tuning of halophilic chassis represents a promising strategy for the next-generation of Ectoine industrial production. However, efficient conversion of Ectoine to hydroxyectoine, which could benefit from a clearer understanding of the Ectoine hydroxylase, is still a challenge to date.
Topical Ectoine Application in Children and Adults to Treat Inflammatory Diseases Associated with an Impaired Skin Barrier: A Systematic Review
Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022 Feb;12(2):295-313.PMID:35038127DOI:10.1007/s13555-021-00676-9.
Introduction: Inflammatory skin diseases are a significant burden on affected patients. Inflammation is caused by various stress factors to the epidermis resulting in, e.g., dryness, redness, and pruritus. Emollients are used in basic therapy to restore the natural skin barrier and relieve symptoms. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ectoine-containing topical formulations in inflammatory skin diseases characterized by an impaired skin barrier. Methods: A systematic review was carried out in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Microsoft Academic up to October 2021. Inclusion criteria were ectoine-containing topical formulations (creams, emollients) used for (adjuvant) therapy of inflammatory skin diseases. Clinical studies of any design published in any language were included. Results: A total of 230 references were screened for eligibility, of which six were selected for inclusion in the review (five studies on atopic dermatitis and one study on prevention and management of retinoid dermatitis). The application of topical formulations containing 5.5-7.0% Ectoine positively influenced skin dryness and, consequently, pruritus and dermatitis-specific scores in patients with atopic dermatitis. Especially in infants and children, who belong to the most frequently affected group, the formulations were well-tolerated when applied for up to 4 weeks. In studies where Ectoine was used as an adjuvant therapy, application was associated with a decreased need for pharmacological therapy and also improved the effectiveness of, e.g., topical corticosteroids. In patients undergoing isotretinoin therapy, Ectoine was as effective as dexpanthenol in reducing retinoid dermatitis or improving symptoms. Conclusion: Ectoine is an effective natural substance with an excellent tolerability and safety profile, representing a beneficial alternative as basic therapy or to increase the efficacy of the pharmacological treatment regimen for patients with inflammatory skin diseases, including infants and children.
Bioactivity profiling of the extremolyte Ectoine as a promising protectant and its heterologous production
3 Biotech 2022 Dec;12(12):331.PMID:PMC9606177DOI:10.1007/s13205-022-03370-5.
Ectoine is a compatible solutes that is diffusely dispersed in bacteria and archaea. It plays a significant role as protectant against various external pressures, such as high temperature, high osmolarity, dryness and radiation, in cells. Ectoine can be utilized in cosmetics due to its properties of moisturizing and antiultraviolet. It can also be used in the pharmaceutical industry for treating various diseases. Therefore, strong protection of Ectoine creates a high commercial value. Its current market value is approximately US$1000 kg-1. However, traditional Ectoine production in high-salinity media causes high costs of equipment loss and wastewater treatment. There is a growing attention to reduce the salinity of the fermentation broth without sacrificing the production of Ectoine. Thus, heterologous production of Ectoine in nonhalophilic microorganisms may represent the new generation of the industrial production of Ectoine. In this review, we summarized and discussed the biological activities of Ectoine on cell and human health protection and its heterologous production.
Ectoine as a promising protective agent in humans and animals
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2016 Dec 1;67(4):260-265.PMID:28033102DOI:10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2837.
Ectoine is a compatible water molecule-binding solute (osmoprotectant) produced by several bacterial species in response to osmotic stress and unfavourable environmental conditions. This amino acid derivative can accumulate inside cells at high concentrations without interfering with natural processes and can protect the cell against radiation or osmotic stress. This brief review presents the current state of knowledge about the effects of Ectoine on animals and focuses on its practical use for enzyme stabilisation, human skin protection, anti-inflammatory treatment, inhibitory effects in neurodegenerative diseases, and other therapeutic potential in human or veterinary medicine.