Enduracidin
(Synonyms: 恩拉霉素; Enramycin) 目录号 : GC64753
Enduracidin (Enramycin) 是由链霉菌产生的一种多肽抗生素。
Cas No.:11115-82-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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Enduracidin (Enramycin) is a polypeptide antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fungicides[1].
[1]. Y-W Chen, et al. Characterization of Three Regulatory Genes Involved in Enduracidin Biosynthesis and Improvement of Enduracidin Production in Streptomyces Fungicidicus. J Appl Microbiol. 2019 Dec;127(6):1698-1705.
| Cas No. | 11115-82-5 | SDF | Download SDF |
| 别名 | 恩拉霉素; Enramycin | ||
| 分子式 | C106H135CI2N26O31 | 分子量 | 2340.27 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble) | 储存条件 | -20°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 0.4273 mL | 2.1365 mL | 4.273 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.0855 mL | 0.4273 mL | 0.8546 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.0427 mL | 0.2137 mL | 0.4273 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Heavy-ion mutagenesis significantly enhances Enduracidin production by Streptomyces fungicidicus
Eng Life Sci 2018 Nov 29;19(2):112-120.PMID:32624993DOI:10.1002/elsc.201800109.
To improve fermentative production of Enduracidin, heavy-ion beams generated by the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), China, were employed for the first time to generate mutations in Streptomyces fungicidicus. Initial screening detected 44 positive mutants with larger inhibition zone, which were subsequently tested based on flask fermentation. Finally, 20 mutants showed 20% increase in Enduracidin production, when compared with the original strain. Among them, Enduracidin production by the three mutants (M13, M30, and M34) was significantly higher than that by the original strain. In particular, mutant M30 exhibited highest Enduracidin production, which was 114% higher than that obtained with the original strain. Following culture optimization, the maximal Enduracidin yield obtained by M30 reached 918.5 mg/L in 10 days, which was 34% higher than that noted in the control.
Enduracidin analogues with altered halogenation patterns produced by genetically engineered strains of Streptomyces fungicidicus
J Nat Prod 2010 Apr 23;73(4):583-9.PMID:20353165DOI:10.1021/np900710q.
Enduracidins (1, 2) and ramoplanin (3) are structurally and functionally closely related lipodepsipeptide antibiotics. They are active against multi-drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA. Each peptide contains one chlorinated non-proteinogenic amino acid residue, Cl(2)-Hpg or Cl-Hpg. To investigate the timing of halogenation and the importance of chlorination on bioactivity and bioavailability of Enduracidin, and to probe the substrate specificity and portability of the ramoplanin halogenase, we constructed the mutant strain SfDelta30 in which the Enduracidin halogenase gene orf30 had been deleted and complemented it with the ramoplanin counterpart orf20. We also expressed orf20 in the Enduracidin wild-type producer. Metabolite analysis revealed SfDelta30 produced the novel analogues dideschloroenduracidins A (4) and B (5), while the recombinant strains SfDelta30R20 and SfR20 produced monodeschloroenduracidins A (6) and B (7) and a trichlorinated Enduracidin (8), respectively. In addition, orf30 self-complementation yielded the strain SfDelta30E30, which is capable of producing six peptides including 6 and 7. MS/MS analysis positioned the single chlorine atom in 6 at Hpg(13) and localized the third chlorine atom in 8 to Hpg(11). Biological evaluation of these Enduracidin analogues indicated that all retained activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings lay the foundation for further utilization of Enduracidin and ramoplanin halogenases in combinatorial biosynthesis.
Semi-rational mutagenesis of an industrial Streptomyces fungicidicus strain for improved Enduracidin productivity
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020 Apr;104(8):3459-3471.PMID:32095861DOI:10.1007/s00253-020-10488-0.
The biosynthesis of the valuable antibiotic Enduracidin by Streptomyces fungicidicus TXX3120 is a complex multistep process. To identify the rate-limiting step of the entire biosynthetic process, we carried out a deep RNA sequencing towards the mycelia of TXX3120 at different fermentation stages. Comparative RNA-seq analysis indicated that the expression level of the endC gene during the Enduracidin production phase was evidently lower than that of the other relevant genes to Enduracidin biosynthesis. This result was further confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR, and the giant non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS) encoded by endC was predicated to be the rate-limiting enzyme in Enduracidin biosynthesis. To increase the expression of endC during the Enduracidin production phase, a reporter-based selection system was developed by genetically replacing the initial part of the endC gene with a thiostrepton resistance gene (tsr), which will then act as a selectable marker to report the expression level of the rate-limiting gene endC, thereby facilitating the selection of enduracidin-overproducing mutants following random mutagenesis. After one round of mutagenesis, thiostrepton resistance selection, and restoration of the endC gene, three mutant strains with improved endC expression levels were obtained. Their highest Enduracidin titers reached 9780.54, 9272.46, and 8849.06 U/mL, respectively representing 2.31-, 2.19-, and 2.09-fold of the initial industrial strain TXX3120. Our research provides a useful strategy for the rational breeding of industrial strains that synthesize complex natural products.
Discovery, gene modification, and optimization of fermentation of an enduracidin-producing strain
J Asian Nat Prod Res 2018 Jul;20(7):633-648.PMID:29589483DOI:10.1080/10286020.2018.1451517.
Enduracidin significantly inhibits Gram-positive bacteria and had been widely used in many fields. However, as the poor technology for production of Enduracidin and its scarcity, identification of novel strategies for production of Enduracidin is important. Our group developed two methods to improve the yield of the production of Enduracidin. The yield of Enduracidin was increased by three- to fivefold. The highest yields of Enduracidin A and Enduracidin B achieved were 63.7 and 82.13 mg/ml. Thus, our results might provide a new reference method for the industrial production of Enduracidin.
Engineered biosynthesis of Enduracidin lipoglycopeptide antibiotics using the ramoplanin mannosyltransferase Ram29
Microbiology (Reading) 2015 Jul;161(7):1338-47.PMID:25878261DOI:10.1099/mic.0.000095.
The lipopeptides ramoplanin from Actinoplanes sp. ATCC 33076 and Enduracidin produced by Streptomyces fungicidicus are effective antibiotics against a number of drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens. While these two antibiotics share a similar cyclic peptide structure, comprising 17 amino acids with an N-terminal fatty acid side chain, ramoplanin has a di-mannose moiety that Enduracidin lacks. The mannosyl substituents of ramoplanin enhance aqueous solubility, which was important in the development of ramoplanin as a potential treatment for Clostridium difficile infections. In this study we have determined the function of the putative mannosyltransferase encoded by ram29 from the ramoplanin biosynthetic gene cluster. Bioinformatics revealed that Ram29 is an integral membrane protein with a putative DxD motif that is suggested to bind to, and activate, a polyprenyl phosphomannose donor and an extracytoplasmic C-terminal domain that is predicted to bind the ramoplanin aglycone acceptor. The ram29 gene was cloned into the tetracycline inducible plasmid pMS17 and integrated into the genome of the Enduracidin producer S. fungicidicus. Induction of ram29 expression in S. fungicidicus resulted in the production of monomannosylated Enduracidin derivatives, which are not present in the WT strain. Tandem MS analysis showed that mannosylation occurs on the Hpg11 residue of Enduracidin. In addition to confirming the function of Ram29, these findings demonstrate how the less common, membrane-associated, polyprenyl phosphosugar-dependent glycosyltransferases can be used in natural product glycodiversification. Such a strategy may be valuable in future biosynthetic engineering approaches aimed at improving the physico-chemical and biological properties of bioactive secondary metabolites including antibiotics.