Farnesol
(Synonyms: 法呢醇) 目录号 : GC32387
An isoprenoid with diverse biological activities
Cas No.:4602-84-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Farnesyl alcohol is an isoprenoid originally isolated from plants but also produced in mammals, including humans, as an intermediate in the mevalonate biosynthesis pathway.1 It acts as an agonist at the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors PPARα and PPARγ (ED50s = 5.5 and 28 ?M, respectively).2 Farnesyl alcohol has broad anticancer properties in vitro and in xenograft mouse models, inhibiting proliferation, slowing tumor growth, and inducing apoptosis.3,4,5 In addition, it acts as a quorum sensing molecule in fungi, including C. albicans, where it reduces virulence by blocking the transition from yeast to mycelium.6,7
1.Staines, A.G., Sindelar, P., Coughtrie, M.W., et al.Farnesol is glucuronidated in human liver, kidney and intestine in vitro, and is a novel substrate for UGT2B7 and UGT1A1Biochem. J.384(Pt. 3)637-645(2004) 2.Takahashi, N., Kawada, T., Goto, T., et al.Dual action of isoprenols from herbal medicines on both PPARγ and PPARα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and HepG2 hepatocytesFEBS Lett.514(2-3)315-322(2002) 3.Lee, J.H., Kim, C., Kim, S.H., et al.Farnesol inhibits tumor growth and enhances the anticancer effects of bortezomib in multiple myeloma xenograft mouse model through the modulation of STAT3 signaling pathwayCancer Lett.360(2)280-293(2015) 4.Joo, J.H., Ueda, E., Bortner, C.D., et al.Farnesol activates the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and the ATF4-ATF3-CHOP cascade of ER stress in human T lymphoblastic leukemia Molt4 cellsBiochem. Pharmacol.97(3)256-268(2015) 5.Park, J.S., Kwon, J.K., Kim, H.R., et al.Farnesol induces apoptosis of DU145 prostate cancer cells through the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathwaysInt. J. Mol. Med.33(5)1169-1176(2014) 6.Hornby, J.M., Jensen, E.C., Lisec, A.D., et al.Quorum sensing in the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans is mediated by farnesolAppl. Environ. Microbiol.67(7)2982-2992(2001) 7.Polke, M., Leonhardt, I., Kurzai, O., et al.Farnesol signalling in Candida albicans - more than just communicationCrit. Rev. Microbiol.131-14(2017)
| Cas No. | 4602-84-0 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 法呢醇 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C/C(C)=C\CC/C(C)=C/CC/C(C)=C/CO | ||
| 分子式 | C15H26O | 分子量 | 222.37 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 20 mg/ml,DMSO: 10 mg/ml,Ethanol: 30 mg/ml,Ethanol:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:3): 0.25 mg/ml | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.497 mL | 22.485 mL | 44.9701 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8994 mL | 4.497 mL | 8.994 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.4497 mL | 2.2485 mL | 4.497 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Farnesol: An approach on biofilms and nanotechnology
Med Mycol 2021 Oct 4;59(10):958-969.PMID:33877362DOI:10.1093/mmy/myab020.
Biofilms are important virulence factor in infections caused by microorganisms because of its complex structure, which provide resistance to conventional antimicrobials. Strategies involving the use of molecules capable of inhibiting their formation and also act synergistically with conventional drugs have been explored. Farnesol is a molecule present in essential oils and produced by Candida albicans as a quorum sensing component. This sesquiterpene presents inhibitory properties in the formation of microbial biofilms and synergism with antimicrobials used in clinical practice, and can be exploited even for eradication of biofilms formed by drug-resistant microorganisms. Despite this, Farnesol has physical and chemical characteristics that can limit its use, such as high hydrophobicity and volatility. Therefore, nanotechnology may represent an option to improve the efficiency of this molecule in high complex environments such as biofilms. Nanostructured systems present important results in the improvement of treatment with different commercial drugs and molecules with therapeutic or preventive potential. The formation of nanoparticles offers advantages such as protection of the incorporated drugs against degradation, improved biodistribution and residence time in specific treatment sites. The combination of Farnesol with nanotechnology may be promising for the development of more effective antibiofilm therapies, as it can improve its solubility, reduce volatility, and increase bioavailability. This review summarizes existing data about Farnesol, its action on biofilms, and discusses its encapsulation in nanostructured systems. Lay summary: Farnesol is a natural compound that inhibits the formation of biofilms from different microbial species. The encapsulation of this molecule in nanoparticles is a promising alternative for the development of more effective therapies against biofilms.
Farnesol signalling in Candida albicans - more than just communication
Crit Rev Microbiol 2018 Mar;44(2):230-243.PMID:28609183DOI:10.1080/1040841X.2017.1337711.
Candida albicans is a successful colonizer of the human host, which can, under certain circumstances cause a range of clinically diverse infections. Important virulence-associated traits of the fungus, such as the dimorphic switch and biofilm formation, are controlled by the quorum sensing molecule Farnesol. Given the potential of Farnesol as a novel antifungal drug, there has been increasing research into the mechanism underlying Farnesol sensing and action in C. albicans. However, despite the identification of various factors involved in Farnesol signalling, its exact mode of action remains largely unclear. This review provides an overview of the currently known aspects of Farnesol production, sensing and action within C. albicans. We also illustrate the characteristic of C. albicans to simultaneously produce and tolerate high Farnesol concentrations that are lethal to other microbes. Furthermore, we summarize new literature on the role of Farnesol in the interaction of C. albicans with the human host and highlight its action as a potent immunomodulatory molecule.
Pharmacological applications of Farnesol (C15H26O): a patent review
Expert Opin Ther Pat 2020 Mar;30(3):227-234.PMID:31958255DOI:10.1080/13543776.2020.1718653.
Introduction: Farnesol (C15H26O) is a sesquiterpene alcohol found in essential oils. This substance is reported to have different pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant effects, as well as actions in different body systems.Areas covered: This study aimed to analyze pharmaceutical patents containing this substance in their formulations. Patent search was carried out through the WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization), LatiPat and INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property) electronic banks using the following descriptors and combinations: 'Farnesol', 'pharmaceutical product', 'pharmacology' and 'pharmacy'.Expert opinion: Primary research identified 54 patents, from which 17 were selected for the final analysis after applying the inclusion criteria. The selected patents referred to products presenting different pharmaceutical activities of interest such as the prevention and treatment of diseases affecting the dermis, central nervous and cardiovascular systems, diseases caused by different microorganisms and cancers, among others. A minority of the articles included in this review reported the type of Farnesol isomer that was investigated, this becoming a major limitation for the development of future pharmaceutical products. With the completion of this study, Farnesol presents itself as a potential agent with pharmacological application both in the prevention and treatment of different diseases.
Quorum sensing by Farnesol revisited
Curr Genet 2017 Oct;63(5):791-797.PMID:28247023DOI:10.1007/s00294-017-0683-x.
Quorum sensing, a form of molecular communication in microbial communities, is relatively well studied in bacterial species, but poorly understood in fungi. Farnesol, a quorum sensing molecule secreted by the opportunistic human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, was the first quorum sensing molecule described in a eukaryotic organism. However, despite considerable research efforts and advances in recent years, the mechanisms behind its action remain largely elusive. Only recently, we showed that deletion of the C. albicans gene EED1 (eed1螖), which is essential for hyphal maintenance, resulted in both increased Farnesol production and hypersensitivity to Farnesol, providing a link between Farnesol signaling and elongated hyphal growth. This finding raised several questions concerning Farnesol signaling. In this short review we use the unique phenotype of the eed1螖 mutant to summarize current hypotheses and to speculate on possible mechanisms of quorum sensing in C. albicans and its implication in fungus-host interaction, by drawing comparisons to comparatively well-studied quorum sensing systems in bacteria.
Farnesol modulation of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in biofilm and planktonic forms
An Acad Bras Cienc 2022 Oct 7;94(3):e20211127.PMID:36228305DOI:10.1590/0001-3765202220211127.
Biofilms are important to the virulence of human pathogenic fungi, and some molecules have been found to play key roles in the growth and regulation of fungal biofilms. Farnesol, one of these molecules, is well-described for some microorganisms but is still scarcely known for Rhodotorula spp. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of Farnesol on the biofilm of R. mucilaginosa. Initially, screening with 0.2 mM to 2.1 mM of Farnesol was evaluated against planktonic forms. A concentration of this compound was then chosen and evaluated for its effect on biofilm in formation and on preformed biofilm after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The impact of Farnesol was evaluated by colony-forming units (CFU) counts, determination of metabolic activity and quantification of total biomass. In the presence of 0.9 mM, Farnesol was able to decrease the CFU number, at 48 hours, when the biofilm was in formation, although it did not affect the preformed biofilms. Thus, our results show that Farnesol exerts a modulating activity during biofilm formation for R. mucilaginosa, with this compound reducing the metabolic activity and total biomass of the biofilms.