Flagelin 22 (Flagellin 22)
(Synonyms: Flagellin 22) 目录号 : GC32202
Flagelin 22 (Flagellin 22)是细菌鞭毛蛋白的片段，是植物和藻类的有效诱导剂。
Cas No.:304642-91-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | Tobacco cell |
Preparation Method | Tobacco cells were induced with MAMPs (namely lipopolysaccharides, chitosan, and Flagelin 22) and phytohormones (abscisic acid , methyljasmonic acid, and methyljasmonic acid) and the cells were harvested at different times to extract metabolites. |
Reaction Conditions | 200 nM, 0、6、12、18 and 24h |
Applications | Flagelin 22 cells induced the production of 13 metabolites, and compared with other elicitors, Flagelin 22 cells had a unique metabolite Feruloyltyramine glycoside isomer 3. |
References: [1] Mhlongo M I, Piater L A, Madala N E, et al. Phenylpropanoid defences in Nicotiana tabacum cells: Overlapping metabolomes indicate common aspects to priming responses induced by lipopolysaccharides, chitosan and flagellin-22[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(3): e0151350. | |
Flagelin 22 (Flagellin 22), a fragment of bacterial flagellin, is an effective elicitor in both plants and algae[1].
Flagelin 22 is a 22-amino-acid peptide, which corresponds to the highly conserved N-terminal region of flagellin, can induce immunity reaction in various plants such as tomato , potato , tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, Flagelin 22 significantly induces growth inhibition of algae at a concentration of 1 μM[1]. Treatment of tobacco cells with 200 nMFlagelin 22 induced the production of 13 metabolites. Compared with other microbial-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) molecules and plant hormones, Flagelin 22-treated cells produced a unique metabolite, feruloyltyrosine glycoside isomer 3 [2]. Flagelin 22 (100 nM) activates triggered immunity (PTI) in plants leading to a decrease in the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the growth-promoting hormone brassinosteroid (BR)[3].
References:
[1] Bojun Lu, et al. Defense responses in female gametophytes of Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyta) induced by flg22-derived peptides. Journal of Applied Phycology (2016), 28(3), 1793-1801.
[2] Mhlongo M I, Piater L A, Madala N E, et al. Phenylpropanoid defences in Nicotiana tabacum cells: Overlapping metabolomes indicate common aspects to priming responses induced by lipopolysaccharides, chitosan and flagellin-22[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(3): e0151350.
[3] Jiménez-Góngora T, Kim SK, Lozano-Durán R, Zipfel C. Flg22-Triggered Immunity Negatively Regulates Key BR Biosynthetic Genes. Front Plant Sci. 2015 Nov 9;6:981.
Flagelin 22 (Flagellin 22)是细菌鞭毛蛋白的片段，是植物和藻类的有效诱导剂[1]。
Flagelin 22是一种由22个氨基酸组成的肽，对应于鞭毛蛋白高度保守的N端区域，可在番茄、马铃薯、烟草和拟南芥等多种植物中诱导免疫反应，并且，Flagelin 22在1μM的浓度下显著诱导藻类的生长抑制[1]。使用200 nM的Flagelin 22处理烟草细胞可诱导产生13种代谢物，相较于其他微生物相关分子模式（MAMP）分子和植物激素，Flagelin 22处理的细胞会产生一种独特的代谢物阿魏酰酪胺糖苷异构体3[2]。Flagelin 22（100 nM）可激活植物中的触发免疫（PTI）导致生长促进激素油菜素内酯（BR）生物合成基因的表达减少[3]。
| Cas No. | 304642-91-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | Flagellin 22 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | Gln-Arg-Leu-Ser-Thr-Gly-Ser-Arg-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ala-Lys-Asp-Asp-Ala-Ala-Gly-Leu-Gln-Ile-Ala | ||
| 分子式 | C93H162N32O34 | 分子量 | 2272.48 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 0.44 mL | 2.2002 mL | 4.4005 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.088 mL | 0.44 mL | 0.8801 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.044 mL | 0.22 mL | 0.44 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Identification of Gene Candidates Associated with Huanglongbing Tolerance, Using 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Flagellin 22 as a Proxy to Challenge Citrus
Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2018 Feb;31(2):200-211.PMID:29148926DOI:10.1094/MPMI-04-17-0084-R.
The 22-amino acid (flg22) pathogen-associated molecular pattern from the flagellin of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri has been shown to induce defense responses correlated with citrus canker resistance. Here, flg22 of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', the putative causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB), elicited differential defense responses that were weaker than those from Xcc-flg22, between those of the HLB-tolerant mandarin cultivar Sun Chu Sha and susceptible grapefruit cultivar Duncan. Transcriptomics was used to compare the effect of CLas-flg22 and Xcc-flg22 between the citrus genotypes and identified 86 genes induced only by CLas-flg22 in the tolerant mandarin. Expression of 16 selected genes was validated, by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and was evaluated in citrus during 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection. Differential expression of a number of genes occurred between tolerant and susceptible citrus infected with 'Ca. L. asiaticus', suggesting their involvement in HLB tolerance. In addition, several genes were similarly regulated by CLas-flg22 and 'Ca. L. asiaticus' treatments, while others were oppositely regulated in the tolerant mandarin, suggesting similarity and interplay between CLas-flg22 and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-triggered defenses. Genes identified are valuable in furthering the study of HLB tolerance mechanisms and, potentially, for screening for HLB-tolerant citrus using CLas-flg22 as a pathogen proxy.
Tissue-specific FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2 (FLS2) expression in roots restores immune responses in Arabidopsis fls2 mutants
New Phytol 2015 Apr;206(2):774-84.PMID:25627577DOI:10.1111/nph.13280.
The flagellin receptor of Arabidopsis, At-FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), has become a model for mechanistic and functional studies on plant immune receptors. Responses to flagellin or its active epitope Flagellin 22 (flg22) have been extensively studied in Arabidopsis leaves. However, the perception of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and the immune responses in roots are poorly understood. Here, we show that isolated root tissue is able to induce pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) responses upon flg22 perception, in contrast to elf18 (the active epitope of elongation factor thermo unstable (EF-Tu)). Making use of fls2 mutant plants and tissue-specific promoters, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis lines expressing FLS2 only in certain root tissues. This allowed us to study the spatial requirements for flg22 responses in the root. Remarkably, the intensity of the immune responses did not always correlate with the expression level of the FLS2 receptor, but depended on the expressing tissue, supporting the idea that MAMP perception and sensitivity in different tissues contribute to a proper balance of defense responses according to the expected exposure to elicitors. In summary, we conclude that each investigated root tissue is able to perceive flg22 if FLS2 is present and that tissue identity is a major element of MAMP perception in roots.
Flagellin and mannitol modulate callose biosynthesis and deposition in soybean seedlings
Physiol Plant 2023 Feb 22;e13877.PMID:36811487DOI:10.1111/ppl.13877.
Callose is a polymer deposited on the cell wall and is necessary for plant growth and development. Callose is synthesized by genes from the glucan synthase-like family (GSL) and dynamically responds to various types of stress. Callose can inhibit pathogenic infection, in the case of biotic stresses, and maintain cell turgor and stiffen the plant cell wall in abiotic stresses. Here, we report the identification of 23 GSL genes (GmGSL) in the soybean genome. We performed phylogenetic analyses, gene structure prediction, duplication patterns and expression profiles on several RNA-Seq libraries. Our analyses show that WGD/Segmental duplication contributed to expanding this gene family in soybean. Next, we analyzed the callose responses in soybean under abiotic and biotic stresses. The data show that callose is induced by both osmotic stress and Flagellin 22 (flg22) and is related to the activity of β-1,3-glucanases. By using RT-qPCR, we evaluated the expression of GSL genes during the treatment of soybean roots with mannitol and flg22. The GmGSL23 gene was upregulated in seedlings treated with osmotic stress or flg22, showing the essential role of this gene in the soybean defense response to pathogenic organisms and osmotic stress. Our results provide an important understanding of the role of callose deposition and regulation of GSL genes in response to osmotic stress and flg22 infection in soybean seedlings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Direct and individual analysis of stress-related phytohormone dispersion in the vascular system of Cucurbita maxima after Flagellin 22 treatment
New Phytol 2014 Mar;201(4):1176-1182.PMID:24387138DOI:10.1111/nph.12661.
• The stress-related phytohormones, salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA), and the three jasmonates, jasmonic acid (JA), cis-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (cis-OPDA), and (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), were investigated in phloem and xylem exudates of Cucurbita maxima. • Phloem and xylem exudates were separately collected and analysed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. • We show direct evidence for all three jasmonates, ABA, and SA in both phloem and xylem exudates of C. maxima. JA and JA-Ile concentrations are higher in xylem (JA: c(xylem) ≈ 199.5 nM, c(phloem) ≈ 43.9 nM; JA-Ile: c(xylem) ≈ 7.9 nM, c(phloem) ≈ 1.6 nM), whereas ABA and SA concentrations are higher in phloem exudates (ABA: c(xylem) ≈ 37.1 nM, c(phloem) ≈ 142.6 nM; SA: c(xylem) ≈ 61.6 nM, c(phloem) ≈ 1319 nM). During bacteria-derived Flagellin 22 (flg22)-triggered remote root-to-shoot signalling, phytohormone concentration changed rapidly both in phloem and xylem. • The unequal distribution of phytohormones suggests that phloem and xylem have distinct roles in defence responses. Our data shed light on systemic phytohormone signalling and help explain how plants cope with environmental challenges by lateral exchange between phloem and xylem. Our analysis is a starting point for further investigations of how phytohormones contribute to phloem- and xylem-based defence signalling.