Fluridone
(Synonyms: 氟啶酮) 目录号 : GC49125
Fluridone是脱落酸（ABA）生物合成的有效抑制剂，可用作除草剂，特别是用于消除水库和灌溉渠道中的水生植物。
Cas No.:59756-60-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
;)
,-1-7$$$37316672.jpg');)
;)
;)
$$$36806353.jpg');)
;33(7)%EF%BC%9A546-561$$$37156877.jpg');)
;)
;)
;)
%201124-1138.$$$35908550.jpg');)
%20766-780.$$$37100057.jpg');)
%20418-432.$$$36893736.jpg');)
%EF%BC%9A-240-255.$$$35108512.jpg');)
533-545$$$36543525.jpg');)
%201-13.$$$36600053.jpg');)
;)
Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | S. capricornutum cells |
Preparation Method | The concentrations of total colored carotenoid pigments were determined for each Fluridone treatment by a standard spectrophotometric method. |
Reaction Conditions | 1.65, 3.3 and 33μg/L, 48h |
Applications | Concentrations of colored carotenoid pigments in S. capricornutum cells were reduced after 48h exposure, relative to the no Fluridone treatments, to concentrations of Fluridone greater than 3.3μg/L. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
Animal models | Male and female Medaka embryos ( < 6h post fertilization） |
Preparation Method | Then 50 healthy embryos were placed in each 50mL Pyrex beakers containing 15mL of Fluridone solution for batch exposure (one beaker per concentration). A 50% (7.5mL) solution was changed at 2 d post exposure (dpe). At 4 dpe, embryos were separated by sex based on the presence of leucophores on males and then transferred into 96-well plates. Each well had one embryo placed inside and contained 200mL of experimental solution. A total of 16 embryos for each sex were used per treatment. More than 80% of the volume in each well was changed every 2 days for the remainder of the experiment. Each embryo was observed daily using a dissecting microscope and recorded for mortality, hatching success, and signs of abnormal development. The experiment was terminated at 14 dpe (4 days in beaker, 10 days in plate), and fish embryos that failed to hatch were counted. |
Dosage form | 0, 0.03, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4mg/L, 14 days |
Applications | Male and female Medaka embryos were exposed to Fluridone for 14 days and showed reduced hatching success in a dose dependent manner. The half maximal effective concentration for the hatching success was 2.3mg/L. |
References: [1] Gala W R, Giesy J P. Using the carotenoid biosynthesis inhibiting herbicide, Fluridone, to investigate the ability of carotenoid pigments to protect algae from the photo-induced toxicity of anthracene[J]. Aquatic toxicology, 1993, 27(1-2): 61-70. [2] Jin J, Kurobe T, Hammock B G, et al. Toxic effects of fluridone on early developmental stages of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 700: 134495. | |
Fluridone is a potent inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and is used as a herbicide, particularly for the elimination of aquatic plants in reservoirs and irrigation channels[1].
Treatment of kiwifruit wound tissue with Fluridone inhibited the levels of transcription factors AchnMYB41, AchnMYB107 and AchnMYC2 and reduced primary alcohol formation[1]. Fluridone (50 and 100μM) induced the accumulation of phytoene and reduced β-carotene levels in T. aestivum seedlings grown in the dark[2].
Fluridone reduces the hatching success rate of medaka embryos in a dose-dependent manner, with the maximum effective concentration for hatching success being 2.3mg/L. Male and female medaka larvae were acutely exposed to Fluridone for 6 hours. Fluridone at concentrations of 4.2mg/L or higher caused the larvae to become lethargic and exhibit abnormal swimming behavior[3]. Fluridone is acutely toxic to invertebrates and fish, with median lethal concentrations (LC50) of 4.3 ± 3.7 and 10.4 ± 3.9mg/L, respectively[4].
References:
[1] Wei X, Mao L, Wei X, Xia M, Xu C. MYB41, MYB107, and MYC2 promote ABA-mediated primary fatty alcohol accumulation via activation of AchnFAR in wound suberization in kiwifruit. Hortic Res. 2020 Jun 1;7(1):86.
[2] Bartels P G, Watson C W. Inhibition of carotenoid synthesis by fluridone and norflurazon[J]. Weed Science, 1978, 26(2): 198-203.
[3] Jin J, Kurobe T, Hammock B G, et al. Toxic effects of fluridone on early developmental stages of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 700: 134495.
[4] Hamelink J L, Buckler D R, Mayer F L, et al. Toxicity of fluridone to aquatic invertebrates and fish[J]. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: An International Journal, 1986, 5(1): 87-94.
Fluridone是脱落酸（ABA）生物合成的有效抑制剂，可用作除草剂，特别是用于消除水库和灌溉渠道中的水生植物[1]。
使用Fluridone处理猕猴桃伤口组织可抑制转录因子AchnMYB41、AchnMYB107和AchnMYC2的水平，减少伯醇形成[1]。Fluridone（50和100μM）可诱导在黑暗中生长的T. aestivum 幼苗中八氢番茄红素的积累，减少β-胡萝卜素水平[2]。
Fluridone以剂量依赖性方式降低青鳉胚胎孵化成功率，孵化成功的半数最大有效浓度为2.3mg/L。雄性和雌性青鳉幼虫急性暴露于Fluridone 6小时，4.2mg/L或更高浓度的Fluridone使幼鱼变得嗜睡并表现出异常的游泳行为[3]。Fluridone对无脊椎动物和鱼类具有急性毒性，半数致死浓度 (LC50) 分别为4.3 ± 3.7和10.4±3.9mg/L[4]。
| Cas No. | 59756-60-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 氟啶酮 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2)=CN(C)C=C1C3=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C3 | ||
| 分子式 | C19H14F3NO | 分子量 | 329.3 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMSO: 30 mg/ml,DMSO:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:3): 0.25 mg/ml,Ethanol: 20 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
||
| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
 |
1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.0367 mL | 15.1837 mL | 30.3674 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6073 mL | 3.0367 mL | 6.0735 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3037 mL | 1.5184 mL | 3.0367 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Toxic effects of Fluridone on early developmental stages of Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Sci Total Environ 2020 Jan 15;700:134495.PMID:31693955DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134495.
The herbicide Fluridone is intensively applied to control invasive aquatic plants globally, including in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Delta (the Delta), California, USA. Our previous study revealed that the adult stage of Delta Smelt showed acute and sub-lethal adverse effects following 6 h of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of Fluridone. To further investigate mechanisms of toxicity of Fluridone and to assess its toxicity to early life stages of fish, we performed additional exposures using the fish model Japanese Medaka (Oryzias latipes). Male and female Medaka embryos were exposed to concentrations of Fluridone for 14 d and showed reduced hatching success in a dose dependent manner. The half maximal effective concentration for the hatching success was 2.3 mg L-1. In addition, male and female Medaka larvae were acute exposed to Fluridone for 6 h to assess their swimming behavior and gene expression patterns. Fish exposed to Fluridone at 4.2 mg L-1 or higher became lethargic and showed abnormal swimming behavior. The response to the stimuli was significantly impaired by Fluridone at 21 mg L-1 and above in males, and at 104 mg L-1 in females. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 799 genes that were significantly differentially expressed, comprising 555 up-regulated and 244 down-regulated genes in males exposed to 21 mg L-1 of Fluridone. The gene set enrichment analysis indicated a number of biological processes altered by Fluridone. Among the genes involved in those biological processes, the expression of the genes, acetylcholinesterase, retinoic acid receptor, insulin receptor substrate, glutathione reductase, and glutathione S transferase, exhibited dose- and sex-dependent responses to Fluridone. The study indicated that Fluridone exposure led to detrimental toxic effects at early developmental stages of fish, by disturbing the biological processes of growth and development, and the nervous system, inducing oxidative stress and endocrine disruption.
Fluridone as a new anti-inflammatory drug
Eur J Pharmacol 2013 Nov 15;720(1-3):7-15.PMID:24211328DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.10.058.
Fluridone is a herbicide extensively utilized in agriculture for its documented safety in animals. Fluridone contains a 4(1H)-pyridone and a trifluoromethyl-benzene moiety, which are also present in molecules with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. The established absence of adverse effects of Fluridone on animals prompted us to investigate whether it could represent a new anti-inflammatory compound targeting human cells. In stimulated human monocytes, micromolar Fluridone inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 expression and the release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and prostaglandin-E2, to a similar extent as Acetylsalicylic acid. Fluridone also inhibited the proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells and reduced proliferation and cytokine release by human activated lymphocytes. The mechanism of Fluridone seems to rely on the dose-dependent inhibition of the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB, a transcription factor playing a pivotal role in inflammation. Fluridone also inhibited the release from stimulated human monocytes of abscisic acid, a plant stress hormone recently discovered also in mammalian cells, where it stimulates pro-inflammatory responses. Interestingly, the mechanism of Fluridone's toxicity in plants relies on the inhibition of the enzyme phytoene desaturase, involved in the biosynthetic pathway of ß-carotene, the precursor of absciscic acid in plants. Finally, administration of Fluridone reduced peritoneal inflammation in Zymosan-treated mice. These results suggest that Fluridone could represent a new prototype of anti-inflammatory drug, also active on abscisic acid pro-inflammatory pathway.
Research of Fluridone's Effects on Growth and Pigment Accumulation of Haematococcus pluvialis Based on Transcriptome Sequencing
Int J Mol Sci 2022 Mar 14;23(6):3122.PMID:35328543DOI:10.3390/ijms23063122.
Haematococcus pluvialis has high economic value because of its high astaxanthin-producing ability. The mutation breeding of Haematococcus pluvialis is an important method to improve the yield of astaxanthin. Fluoridone, an inhibitor of phytoene dehydrogenase, can be used as a screening reagent for mutation breeding of Haematococcus pluvialis. This study describes the effect of Fluridone on the biomass, chlorophyll, and astaxanthin content of Haematococcus pluvialis at different growth stages. Five Fluridone concentrations (0.00 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L, 0.50 mg/L, 1.00 mg/L, and 2.00 mg/L) were set to treat Haematococcus pluvialis. It was found that Fluridone significantly inhibited the growth and accumulation of astaxanthin in the red dormant stage. In addition, transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the expression of genes related to four metabolic pathways in photosynthesis, carotenoid synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and cellular antioxidant in algae after Fluridone treatment. The results showed that six genes related to photosynthesis were downregulated. FPPS, lcyB genes related to carotenoid synthesis are downregulated, but carotenoid β-cyclic hydroxylase gene (LUT5), which plays a role in the conversion of carotenoid to abscisic acid (ABA), was upregulated, while the expression of phytoene dehydrogenase gene did not change. Two genes related to cell antioxidant capacity were upregulated. In the fatty acid metabolism pathway, the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene (ACACA) was downregulated in the green stage, but upregulated in the red stage, and the stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene (SAD) was upregulated. According to the transcriptome results, Fluridone can affect the astaxanthin accumulation and growth of Haematococcus pluvialis by regulating the synthesis of carotenoids, chlorophyll, fatty acids, and so on. It is expected to be used as a screening agent for the breeding of Haematococcus pluvialis. This research also provides an experimental basis for research on the mechanism of astaxanthin metabolism in Haematococcus pluvialis.
UV light and temperature induced Fluridone degradation in water and sediment and potential transport into aquifer
Environ Pollut 2020 Oct;265(Pt A):114750.PMID:32454379DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114750.
Fluridone is widely used in ambient water bodies to control the spread of invasive aquatic plants. While the ability of Fluridone to control aquatic weeds such as water hyacinth is well reported, an improved understanding of Fluridone persistence in water and sediment is still needed to determine potential residues of Fluridone in the water column and bed sediment of ambient water bodies. In this study, experiments were conducted over a three-month period to examine the degradation of Fluridone in saturated sediment and water under various levels of UV-light (0-1000 μW/cm2), and temperature (4-40 °C). Results showed a large decrease in the half-life of Fluridone in water with increasing UV light intensity, but in saturated sediment the impact of UV light exposure on Fluridone degradation was minimal. At low temperature (4 °C), the degradation of Fluridone in both water and sediment was minimal. At elevated temperature (20-40 °C), Fluridone degradation was increased in water and sediment. Additionally, the persistence of Fluridone in sediment was reduced by increasing sand content in the sediment matrix. Possible Fluridone transport through the subsurface was estimated over a range of initial concentrations, groundwater velocities, Fluridone half-lives, and Fluridone sorption coefficients which may be seen in a field environment. A form of the Ogata-Banks equation which accounts for 1st order decay was used for describing the dispersion of Fluridone, while a related equation from Bear, 1979 was utilized to quantify advection. In all tested scenarios, maximum transport was less than 10 m over one month of observation. Results of this study will improve our existing understanding of Fluridone persistence and in water and sediment.
Development of extraction and detection method for Fluridone in water and sediment by HPLC-UV
AMB Express 2019 Jun 21;9(1):90.PMID:31227931DOI:10.1186/s13568-019-0807-4.
Fluridone is widely used as a herbicide for controlling invasive aquatic plants such as hydrilla in surface water bodies. When applied on surface waters Fluridone can attach to bed sediment, requiring rigorous extraction methods prior to analysis. Currently, very limited information exists in terms of Fluridone residue detection in delta sediment. In this study, we researched Fluridone detection in both water and sediment. To extract Fluridone from sediment, here we have tested two extraction methods: (1) a rotavapor method (RM); and (2) a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method (QM). The extraction results of RM were compared with those of QM. To quantify Fluridone concentrations in extracts, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV detector was used. HPLC separation was achieved using an Allure C18 5 µm 150 × 4.6 mm column with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and water (60:40, v/v). The UV detector was operated at 237 nm. The method was tested and validated using a series of water and sediment samples taken from Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. The average recovery of Fluridone was 73% and 78% using RM and QM respectively. The proposed method can be used for testing Fluridone in water and sediment samples.