FM1-43

FM1-43 is a water-soluble styrene dye with strong lipophilicity. FM 1-43 membrane probe is a reagent that can specifically bind to cell membranes and inner membrane organelles to generate fluorescence. It is widely used as endocytosis and excision membrane structure markers, and can be used to identify actively firing neurons and research Mechanisms of activity-dependent vesicle cycling^[1]. In actively releasing neurotransmitters, the dye is internalized in recycled synaptic vesicles and the nerve terminals become brightly stained. Non-specific staining of cell surface membranes can be simply washed off before observation^[2]. FM1-43 is nontoxic to cells, barely fluoresces in aqueous media, but fluoresces strongly after insertion into the outer leaflet of the cell membrane. FM1-43 also reduces the ototoxic effects of the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin sulfate^[3].

References:
[1]. Audrey C Brumback, et al. Using FM1-43 to study neuropeptide granule dynamics and exocytosis.2004 Aug;33(4):287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2004.01.002.
[2]. J J Renger,C Egles, G Liu. A developmental switch in neurotransmitter flux enhances synaptic efficacy by affecting AMPA receptor activation.2001 Feb;29(2):469-84. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00219-7.
[3]. J E Gale, et al. FM1-43 dye behaves as a permeant blocker of the hair-cell mechanotransducer channel. J Neurosci. 2001 Sep 15;21(18):7013-25. 

FM1-43是一种亲脂性很强的水溶性苯乙烯染料。FM 1-43膜探针是一种能特异性地与细胞膜和内膜细胞器结合产生荧光的试剂，被广泛用于内吞和外切膜结构标志物，可用于识别活跃放电的神经元和研究活动依赖性囊泡循环的机制^[1]。在主动释放神经递质的神经元中，染料在回收的突触囊泡内化，神经末梢变得明亮染色。细胞表面膜的非特异性染色可以在观察前简单地洗掉^[2]。FM1-43对细胞无毒，在水性介质中几乎不发荧光，但在插入细胞膜的外小叶后发出强烈荧光。FM1-43 还降低氨基糖苷类抗生素硫酸新霉素的耳毒性作用^[3]。