Forsythoside B

Forsythoside B is a phenylethanol glycoside isolated from the leaves of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Forsythia suspensa. It has multiple biological activities and can be used to treat inflammatory diseases and promote blood circulation^[1]. Forsythoside B can target pneumolysin to reduce the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae^[2]. Forsythoside B exhibits effective antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii^[3].

In vitro, pretreatment of BV-2 cells with Forsythoside B (1, 2.5µM) for 3h significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in intracellular IL-6, TNF-α, iNOs, NO and IL-1β^[4]. Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with Forsythoside B (40, 80, 160μg/mL) for 1h significantly inhibited the LPS-induced increase in intracellular PGE2, COX-2, nitrite and iNOS^[5].

In vivo, Forsythoside B (40mg/kg) was intravenously injected into rats with cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, which reduced serum TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM-1), and endotoxin levels, upregulated IL-10 levels, and reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lungs, liver, and small intestine^[6]. Forsythoside B (10, 40mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into mice with spinal cord injury (SCI), which significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory factors, inhibited glial scar formation, reduced neuronal death and tissue defects, and promoted motor recovery^[7].

References:
[1] Bailly C. Forsythosides as essential components of Forsythia-based traditional Chinese medicines used to treat inflammatory diseases and COVID-19[J]. World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 8(1): 1-20.
[2] Wang Z, Sun Y, Gu K, et al. Forsythoside B, the active component of Frosythiae fructuse water extract, alleviates Streptococcus pneumoniae virulence by targeting pneumolysin[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2024, 135(10): lxae251.
[3] Shi Z, Zhang J, Wang Y, et al. Antibacterial effect and mechanisms of action of forsythoside B, alone and in combination with antibiotics, against Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa[J]. Phytomedicine, 2024, 135: 156038.
[4] Kong F, Jiang X, Wang R, et al. Forsythoside B attenuates memory impairment and neuroinflammation via inhibition on NF-κB signaling in Alzheimer’s disease[J]. Journal of Neuroinflammation, 2020, 17: 1-15.
[5] Liu J, Li X, Yan F, et al. Protective effect of forsythoside B against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by attenuating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway[J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2019, 66: 336-346.
[6] Jiang W L, Zhang S P, Zhu H B. Forsythoside B protects against experimental sepsis by modulating inflammatory factors[J]. Phytotherapy Research, 2012, 26(7): 981-987.
[7] Xia M, Zhang Y, Wu H, et al. Forsythoside B attenuates neuro-inflammation and neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of NF-κB and p38-MAPK signaling pathways through activating Nrf2 post spinal cord injury[J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2022, 111: 109120.

Forsythoside B是从传统中药植物连翘的叶子中分离的一种苯乙醇苷，具有多种生物活性，能够用于治疗炎症性疾病和促进血液循环^[1]。Forsythoside B能够靶向肺溶血素来减轻肺炎链球菌的毒力^[2]。Forsythoside B对铜绿假单胞菌和鲍曼不动杆菌表现出有效的抗菌活性^[3]。

在体外，Forsythoside B（1，2.5µM）预处理BV-2细胞3h，显著抑制了LPS诱导的细胞内IL-6、TNF-α、iNOs、NO和IL-1β升高^[4]。Forsythoside B（40、80、160μg/mL）预处理RAW 264.7巨噬细胞1h，显著抑制了LPS诱导的细胞内PGE2、COX-2、亚硝酸盐、iNOS的升高^[5]。

在体内，Forsythoside B（40mg/kg）通过静脉注射治疗盲肠结扎穿刺（CLP）诱导的脓毒症大鼠，降低了血清TNF-α、IL-6、HMGB1、髓系细胞上表达的触发受体（TREM-1）和内毒素水平，上调了IL-10水平，降低了肺、肝和小肠髓过氧化物酶（MPO）活性^[6]。Forsythoside B（10、40mg/kg）通过腹腔注射治疗脊髓损伤（SCI）小鼠，显著降低了炎症因子的水平，抑制了神经胶质瘢痕形成，减少了神经元死亡、组织缺陷，促进了运动恢复^[7]。