Phenylac-Gly-OH
(Synonyms: 苯乙酰甘氨酸) 目录号 : GA23362
Phenylac-Gly-OH是苯乙酸酯的甘氨酸偶联物。肠道微生物群将苯丙酮酸转化为苯乙酸，在肝酶和肾酶的催化作用下，苯乙酸与甘氨酸结合形成Phenylac-Gly-OH。
Cas No.:500-98-1
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Phenylac-Gly-OH is a glycine conjugate of phenylacetate. The intestinal microbiota converts phenylpyruvate into phenylacetic acid, and under the catalysis of liver and kidney enzymes, phenylacetic acid combines with glycine to form Phenylac-Gly-OH[1].
Phenylac-Gly-OH induced the expression of natriuretic peptide precursor B gene (Nppb) in immortalized rat adult myocardial H9c2 cells, and the expression level of Nppb in the Phenylac-Gly-OH group was 3.66-fold higher than that in the vector group[2]. Phenylac-Gly-OH (100 μM) reduces hypoxia-induced apoptosis of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes and activates the anti-apoptotic Gαi/PI3K/AKT signaling cascade in NMCMs cells by stimulating β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) signaling[3].
After intraperitoneal injection of Phenylac-Gly-OH (50 mg/kg) for 15min in male C57BL6/J mice, the expression of Nppb in left atrium of mice in Phenylac-Gly-OH group was significantly increased (1.46 times) compared with mice treated with carriers[2]. In mice with FeCl3-induced carotid artery injury, Phenylac-Gly-OH (50 mg/kg) induced an increase in platelet thrombosis in the injured carotid artery compared with mice treated with the nutritional precursor phenylalanine (Phe) or normal saline (carrier). And correspondingly reduce the blood flow stopping time (i.e. occlusion time) after injury[4].
References:
[1] Zhu Y, Dwidar M, Nemet I, et al. Two distinct gut microbial pathways contribute to meta-organismal production of phenylacetylglutamine with links to cardiovascular disease[J]. Cell host & microbe, 2023, 31(1): 18-32. e9.
[2] Romano K A, Nemet I, Prasad Saha P, et al. Gut microbiota-generated phenylacetylglutamine and heart failure[J]. Circulation: Heart Failure, 2023, 16(1): e009972.
[3] Xu X, Lu W, Shi J, et al. The gut microbial metabolite phenylacetylglycine protects against cardiac injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through activating β2AR[J]. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2021, 697: 108720.
[4] Nemet I, Saha P P, Gupta N, et al. A cardiovascular disease-linked gut microbial metabolite acts via adrenergic receptors[J]. Cell, 2020, 180(5): 862-877. e22.
Phenylac-Gly-OH是苯乙酸酯的甘氨酸偶联物。肠道微生物群将苯丙酮酸转化为苯乙酸，在肝酶和肾酶的催化作用下，苯乙酸与甘氨酸结合形成Phenylac-Gly-OH[1]。
Phenylac-Gly-OH可诱导永生化大鼠成心肌H9c2细胞中利钠肽前体B基因（Nppb）的表达，Phenylac-Gly-OH组Nppb的表达水平是载体组的3.66倍[2]。Phenylac-Gly-OH（100 μM）降低缺氧诱导的新生小鼠心肌细胞凋亡，并通过刺激β2 肾上腺素能受体（β2AR）信号传导激活NMCMs细胞中的抗凋亡Gαi/PI3K/AKT信号级联反应[3]。
C57BL6/J雄性小鼠腹腔注射Phenylac-Gly-OH（50 mg/kg）15min后，与载体处理的小鼠相比，Phenylac-Gly-OH组小鼠左心房中的Nppb表达显著增加（1.46倍）[2]。在FeCl3 诱导的颈动脉损伤的小鼠中，与用营养前体苯丙氨酸（Phe）或生理盐水（载体）处理的小鼠相比，Phenylac-Gly-OH（50 mg/kg）诱导了受伤颈动脉内血小板血栓形成的增加，并相应地减少受伤后血流停止时间（即闭塞时间）[4]。
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
Cell lines | H9c2(2-1) cells |
Preparation Method | H9c2(2-1) cells were starved for 18 hours and then treated with 100 μM Phenylac-Gly-OH or an equivalent volume of vector control for 4 hours. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to detect the expression of Nppb (natriuretic peptide precursor B gene). |
Reaction Conditions | 100 μM, 4 h |
Applications | Nppb expression was significantly increased in Phenylac-Gly-OH-treated cells compared to vector-treated cells (3.66-fold for Phenylac-Gly-OH). |
| Animal experiment [1]: | |
Animal models | C57BL6/J male mice |
Preparation Method | Animals were IP injected with pH-neutralized phenylacetylglutamine (50 mg/kg; n=16), Phenylac-Gly-OH (50 mg/kg; n=16) or isotonic vehicle control (n=14). Fifteen minutes after injection, animals were euthanized by Ketamine/Xylazine overdose (300 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg); blood was collected by cardiac puncture of the right ventricle. |
Dosage form | 50 mg/kg, 15 min, i.p. |
Applications | Nppb expression was significantly increased in the left atrium of mice in the Phenylac-Gly-OH group compared to vector-treated animals (1.46-fold increase with Phenylac-Gly-OH injection). |
References: [1] Romano K A, Nemet I, Prasad Saha P, et al. Gut microbiota-generated phenylacetylglutamine and heart failure[J]. Circulation: Heart Failure, 2023, 16(1): e009972. | |
| Cas No. | 500-98-1 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 苯乙酰甘氨酸 | ||
| 分子式 | C10H11NO3 | 分子量 | 193.2 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (517.60 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | Store at-20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.176 mL | 25.8799 mL | 51.7598 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.0352 mL | 5.176 mL | 10.352 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.5176 mL | 2.588 mL | 5.176 mL |
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| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
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| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
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2.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >99.00%
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