GAT211
目录号 : GC43738
A CB1 receptor agonist and PAM
Cas No.:102704-40-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
GAT211 is an agonist and positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and a racemic mixture of GAT228 and GAT229 , which have enantiomer-specific activities. GAT211 increases β-arrestin recruitment and cAMP inhibition in HEK293A cells expressing GFP-tagged human CB1 (hCB1-GFP) in a concentration-dependent manner. It also enhances the binding of the CB1 full agonist CP 55,940 to CHO cells expressing hCB1, as well as the activity of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol , arachidonoyl ethanolamide , and CP 55,940 in arrestin2 recruitment assays and increases ERK1/2 and PLCβ3 phosphorylation in HEK293 cells expressing hCB1. It inhibits excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in a subset of CB1-expressing murine autaptic hippocampal neurons when used at a concentration of 1 µM. GAT211 also decreases mechanical hypersensitivity in wild-type (EC50 = 9.75 mg/kg), but not CB1 knockout, mice in a model of inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and decreases mechanical and cold allodynia in a mouse model of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain when used at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg per day.
| Cas No. | 102704-40-5 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=[N+](CC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=C(C3=CC=CC=C3)NC4=CC=CC=C42)[O-] | ||
| 分子式 | C22H18N2O2 | 分子量 | 342.4 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 25 mg/ml,DMF:PBS (pH 7.2)(1:3): 0.25 mg/ml,DMSO: 10 mg/ml,Ethanol: 5 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.9206 mL | 14.6028 mL | 29.2056 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5841 mL | 2.9206 mL | 5.8411 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2921 mL | 1.4603 mL | 2.9206 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Design, synthesis, and pharmacological profiling of cannabinoid 1 receptor allosteric modulators: Preclinical efficacy of C2-group GAT211 congeners for reducing intraocular pressure
Bioorg Med Chem 2021 Nov 15;50:116421.PMID:34634617DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116421.
Allosteric modulators of cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) show translational promise over orthosteric ligands due to their potential to elicit therapeutic benefit without cannabimimetic side effects. The prototypic 2-phenylindole CB1R allosteric modulator, GAT211 (1), demonstrates preclinical efficacy in various disease models. The limited systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) data at the C2 position of the indole ring within GAT211 invites the opportunity for further modifications to improve GAT211's pharmacological profile while serving to amplify and variegate this library of therapeutically attractive agents. These considerations prompted this focused SAR study in which we substituted the GAT211 C2-phenyl ring with heteroaromatic substituents. The synthesized GAT211 analogs were then evaluated in vitro as CB1R allosteric modulators in cAMP and β-arrestin2 assays with CP55,940 as the orthosteric ligand. Furan and thiophene rings (15c-f and 15m) were the best-tolerated substituents at the C2 position of GAT211 for engagement with human CB1R (hCB1R). The SAR around the novel ligands reported allowed direct experimental characterization of the interaction profile of that pharmacophore with its binding domain in functional, human CB1R, thus offering guidance for accessing subsequent-generation hCB1R allosteric modulators as potential therapeutics. The most potent analog, 15d, markedly promoted orthosteric ligand binding to hCB1R. Pharmacological profiling in the GTPγS and mouse vas deferens assays demonstrated that 15d behaves as a CB1R agonist-positive allosteric modulator (ago-PAM), as confirmed electrophysiologically in autoptic neurons. In vivo, 15d was efficacious as a topical agent that significantly reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) in the ocular normotensive murine model of glaucoma. Since elevated IOP is a decisive risk factor for glaucoma and attendant vision loss, our data support the proposition that the 2-phenylindole class of CB1R ago-PAMs has therapeutic potential for glaucoma and other diseases where potentiation of CB1R signaling may be therapeutic.
Antipsychotic potential of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor positive allosteric modulator GAT211: preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021 Apr;238(4):1087-1098.PMID:33442771DOI:10.1007/s00213-020-05755-x.
Rationale: Antipsychotics help alleviate the positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia; however, their debilitating side effects have spurred the search for better treatment options. Novel compounds can be screened for antipsychotic potential in neuronal cell cultures and following acute N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockade with non-competitive antagonists such as MK-801 in rodent behavioral models. Given the known interactions between NMDA receptors and type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R), compounds that modulate CB1Rs may have therapeutic potential for schizophrenia. Objectives: This study assessed whether the CB1R positive allosteric modulator GAT211, when compared to ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), has potential to reduce psychiatric behavioral phenotypes following acute MK-801 treatment in rats, and block hyperdopaminergic signalling associated with those behaviors. Methods: The effects of GAT211 and THC on cellular signaling were compared in Neuro2a cells, and behavioral effects of GAT211 and THC on altered locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response caused by acute MK-801 treatment were assessed in male, Long Evans rats. Results: GAT211 limited dopamine D2 receptor-mediated extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in Neuro2a cells, whereas THC did not. As expected, acute MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg) produced a significant increase in locomotor activity and impaired PPI. GAT211 treatment alone (0.3-3.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced locomotor activity and the acoustic startle response. GAT211 (3.0 mg/kg) also prevented hyperlocomotion caused by MK-801 but did not significantly affect PPI impairments. Conclusion: Taken together, these findings support continued preclinical research regarding the usefulness of CB1R positive allosteric modulators as antipsychotics.
Effects of the cannabinoid receptor 1 positive allosteric modulator GAT211 and acute MK-801 on visual attention and impulsivity in rats assessed using the five-choice serial reaction time task
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021 Jul 13;109:110235.PMID:33373679DOI:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110235.
Altered interactions between endocannabinoid and glutamate signaling may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and acute psychosis. As cognitive disturbances are involved in schizophrenia, increased understanding of the roles of these neurotransmitter systems in cognition may lead to the development of novel therapeutics for disorder. In the present study, we examined the effects of a recently synthesized cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) positive allosteric modulator GAT211 in a rodent model of acute psychosis induced by systemic treatment with MK-801. To assess cognitive function, we used the Five-Choice Serial Reaction Time (5CSRT) task, conducted in touchscreen-equipped operant conditioning chambers. Our measures of primary interest were accuracy - indicative of visual attentional capacity - and the number of premature responses - indicative of impulsivity. We also measured latencies, omissions, and perseverative responding during all test sessions. Thirteen adult male Long Evans rats were trained on the 5CSRT and were then tested using a repeated measures design with acute MK-801 (0 or 0.15 mg/kg, i.p.) and GAT211 (0, 3, or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Acute MK-801 severely impaired accuracy, increased omissions, and increased the number of premature responses. MK-801 also significantly increased correct response latencies, without significant effects on incorrect or reward correction latencies. GAT211 had no significant effects when administered alone, or in combination with acute MK-801. These data confirm the dramatic effects of acute MK-801 treatment on behavioral measures of attention and impulsivity. Continued investigation of CB1R positive allosteric modulators as potential treatments for the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and related disorders should be pursued in other rodent models.
Enantiospecific Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid 1 Receptor
ACS Chem Neurosci 2017 Jun 21;8(6):1188-1203.PMID:28103441DOI:10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00310.
The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) is one of the most widely expressed metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors in brain, and its participation in various (patho)physiological processes has made CB1R activation a viable therapeutic modality. Adverse psychotropic effects limit the clinical utility of CB1R orthosteric agonists and have promoted the search for CB1R positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with the promise of improved drug-like pharmacology and enhanced safety over typical CB1R agonists. In this study, we describe the synthesis and in vitro and ex vivo pharmacology of the novel allosteric CB1R modulator GAT211 (racemic) and its resolved enantiomers, GAT228 (R) and GAT229 (S). GAT211 engages CB1R allosteric site(s), enhances the binding of the orthosteric full agonist [3H]CP55,490, and reduces the binding of the orthosteric antagonist/inverse agonist [3H]SR141716A. GAT211 displayed both PAM and agonist activity in HEK293A and Neuro2a cells expressing human recombinant CB1R (hCB1R) and in mouse-brain membranes rich in native CB1R. GAT211 also exhibited a strong PAM effect in isolated vas deferens endogenously expressing CB1R. Each resolved and crystallized GAT211 enantiomer showed a markedly distinctive pharmacology as a CB1R allosteric modulator. In all biological systems examined, GAT211's allosteric agonist activity resided with the R-(+)-enantiomer (GAT228), whereas its PAM activity resided with the S-(-)-enantiomer (GAT229), which lacked intrinsic activity. These results constitute the first demonstration of enantiomer-selective CB1R positive allosteric modulation and set a precedent whereby enantiomeric resolution can decisively define the molecular pharmacology of a CB1R allosteric ligand.
Positive Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Suppresses Pathological Pain Without Producing Tolerance or Dependence
Biol Psychiatry 2018 Nov 15;84(10):722-733.PMID:28823711DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.032.
Background: Activation of cannabinoid CB1 receptors suppresses pathological pain but also produces unwanted central side effects. We hypothesized that a positive allosteric modulator of CB1 signaling would suppress inflammatory and neuropathic pain without producing cannabimimetic effects or physical dependence. We also asked whether a CB1 positive allosteric modulator would synergize with inhibitors of endocannabinoid deactivation and/or an orthosteric cannabinoid agonist. Methods: GAT211, a novel CB1 positive allosteric modulator, was evaluated for antinociceptive efficacy and tolerance in models of neuropathic and/or inflammatory pain. Cardinal signs of direct CB1-receptor activation were evaluated together with the propensity to induce reward or aversion and physical dependence. Comparisons were made with inhibitors of endocannabinoid deactivation (JZL184, URB597) or an orthosteric cannabinoid agonist (WIN55,212-2). All studies used 4 to 11 subjects per group. Results: GAT211 suppressed allodynia induced by complete Freund's adjuvant and the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel in wild-type but not CB1 knockout mice. GAT211 did not impede paclitaxel-induced tumor cell line toxicity. GAT211 did not produce cardinal signs of direct CB1-receptor activation in the presence or absence of pathological pain. GAT211 produced synergistic antiallodynic effects with fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors in paclitaxel-treated mice. Therapeutic efficacy was preserved over 19 days of chronic dosing with GAT211, but it was not preserved with the monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor JZL184. The CB1 antagonist rimonabant precipitated withdrawal in mice treated chronically with WIN55,212-2 but not in mice treated with GAT211. GAT211 did not induce conditioned place preference or aversion. Conclusions: Positive allosteric modulation of CB1-receptor signaling shows promise as a safe and effective analgesic strategy that lacks tolerance, dependence, and abuse liability.