Aflatoxin B1
(Synonyms: 黄曲霉毒素B1) 目录号 : GC35261
黄曲霉毒素B1作为一类由曲霉属真菌产生的致癌真菌毒素，常导致人和动物发生肝细胞癌。
Cas No.:1162-65-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
| Cell experiment [1]: | |
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Cell lines |
HepG2 cells |
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Preparation Method |
Aflatoxin B1 (100 µM) was treated at 85 kV with HVACP for 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 min. HepG2 cells were exposed to HVACP-treated Aflatoxin B1 for 72 h and assessed for cell viability, caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation, and protein carbonyls for each treatment time. |
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Reaction Conditions |
100 µM; 0, 2, 5, 10, and 20 min |
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Applications |
Cell viability, caspase-3 activity, DNA fragmentation levels, and protein carbonyls contents of HepG2 cells exposed to HVACP-treated Aflatoxin B1 after 20 min was not significantly different compared to non-exposed HepG2 cells. However, their contents were significantly higher in non-exposed cells compared to the other HVACP treatment times. |
| Animal experiment [2]: | |
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Animal models |
Male Wistar rats |
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Dosage form |
10, 20, or 50 µg/kg; i.m. |
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Preparation method |
Male Wistar rats were injected intramuscularly with doses of 10, 20, or 50 µg Aflatoxin B1/kg body weight on alternate days from 45 to 100 days of age. |
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Applications |
Significant reductions in body weights, relative weights of reproductive organs, daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count, viable sperm, motile sperm, and hypoosmotic swelling-tail coiled sperm were observed. Significant decreases in testicular steroidogenic enzymes and serum testosterone levels were also observed indicating decreased steroidogenesis. |
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References: [1] Nishimwe K, et al. Cytotoxicity assessment of Aflatoxin B1 after high voltage atmospheric cold plasma treatment. Toxicon. 2021 Apr 30;194:17-22. |
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Aflatoxin B1, as a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, always lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals.[1] Aflatoxin B1's toxicity includes acute toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Moreover, DNA adduction, inflammation and oxidative stress caused by Aflatoxin B1 can also participate in the occurrence of cancer.[2]
In vitro, AFB1 has inhibition against cell viability of Hek293 cells with IC50 of 32.60 μM.[3] In vitro experiment it shown that with 0, 10, 50, and 100 μM AFB1, maturation of oocytes was performed. At concentrations of 50 and 100 μM AFB1, the number of oocytes reaching the metaphase II stage reduced and the oocytes presented with lower intracellular levels of GSH. And intracellular ROS production in matured oocytes also reached the highest-level.[4]
In vivo test it shown that treatment with 5 mg/kg Aflatoxin B1 intraperitoneally in chicks markedly boost ALT and AST levels (indicators of liver damage).[5] In vivo efficacy test it exhibited that Aflatoxin B1 impairs animal performance following a subacute or chronic exposure, the LD50 values vary from 0.3 mg/kg body weight in ducklings to 9.0 mg/kg body weight in mice and up to 17.9 mg/kg body weight in female rats. [6] Pregnant mice were treated with a high dose of 20 mg/kg Aflatoxin B1 intraperitoneally, there has peak absorption in blood after 15 min, which was delayed to 30 min after oral ingestion, suggesting aflatoxin's uptake from the proximal intestine was very rapid. [7] In vivo, at a high-dose 75 μg/kg, Aflatoxin B1 significantly shown an over 70% reduction in the levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Moreover, Rats were treated with 25 μg/kg Aflatoxin B1 orally caused a remarkable elevations of fecal cholic acid (2.18-fold), linoleic acid (cis-9, cis-12-18:2) (11.3-fold), pentadecanoic acid (15: 0) (3.68-fold), pyruvic acid (4.56-fold), and 3-phenyllactic acid (3.74-fold).[8]
References:
[1] Rushing BR, Selim MI. Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019 Feb;124:81-100.
[2] Cao W, et al. Aflatoxin B1: metabolism, toxicology, and its involvement in oxidative stress and cancer development. Toxicol Mech Methods. 2022 Jul;32(6):395-419.
[3] Dlamini NZ, et al. Toxicogenicity and mechanistic pathways of aflatoxin B1 induced renal injury. Environ Toxicol. 2021 Sep;36(9):1857-1872.
[4] Hajarizadeh A, et al. Aflatoxin B1 impairs in vitro early developmental competence of ovine oocytes. Theriogenology. 2022 Apr 15;183:53-60.
[5] Gao X, et al. Morin alleviates aflatoxin B1-induced liver and kidney injury by inhibiting heterophil extracellular traps release, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in chicks. Poult Sci. 2021 Dec;100(12):101513.
[6] Agag B. Mycotoxins in foods and feeds: 1-aflatoxins. Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. 2004;7:173–205.
[7] Bastaki S.A., et al. Toxicokinetics of Aflatoxin in Pregnant Mice. Int. J. Toxicol. 2010;29:425–431.
[8] Zhou J, et al. Aflatoxin B1 Disrupts Gut-Microbial Metabolisms of Short-Chain Fatty Acids, Long-Chain Fatty Acids, and Bile Acids in Male F344 Rats. Toxicol Sci. 2018 Aug 1;164(2):453-464.
黄曲霉毒素B1作为一类由曲霉属真菌产生的致癌真菌毒素，常导致人和动物发生肝细胞癌。[1] 黄曲霉毒素B1的毒性包括急性毒性、致畸性、致突变性和致癌性。此外，黄曲霉毒素B1引起的DNA内加、炎症和氧化应激等也参与了癌症的发生。[2]
在体外，AFB1 对 Hek293 细胞的细胞活力具有抑制作用，IC50 为 32.60 μM。[3] 体外实验表明，在 0、10、50 和 100 μM AFB1 作用下，成熟卵母细胞进行了。在 50 和 100 μM AFB1 浓度下，达到中期 II 期的卵母细胞数量减少，并且卵母细胞细胞内 GSH 水平较低。并且成熟卵母细胞细胞内ROS的产生也达到了最高水平。[4]
体内试验表明，用 5 mg/kg 黄曲霉毒素 B1 对小鸡进行腹膜内处理可显着提高 ALT 和 AST 水平（肝损伤指标）。[5] 体内功效试验表明黄曲霉毒素 B1 在亚急性或慢性接触后会损害动物的表现，LD50 值从小鸭的 0.3 毫克/千克体重到小鼠的 9.0 毫克/千克体重和雌性大鼠的 17.9 毫克/千克体重不等。 [6] 孕鼠腹腔注射高剂量黄曲霉毒素B1 20 mg/kg，15 min后出现血液吸收峰，口服后延迟至30 min，提示黄曲霉毒素的摄取来自近端肠道的速度非常快。 [7] 在体内，在 75 μg/kg 的高剂量下，黄曲霉毒素 B1 显着降低了粪便短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 水平 70% 以上。此外，给大鼠口服 25 μg/kg 黄曲霉毒素 B1，导致粪便胆酸（2.18 倍）、亚油酸（cis-9、cis-12-18:2）（11.3 倍）、十五烷酸显着升高(15:0)（3.68 倍）、丙酮酸（4.56 倍）和 3-苯基乳酸（3.74 倍）。[8]
| Cas No. | 1162-65-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 黄曲霉毒素B1 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | COC1=CC(O[C@]2([H])[C@@]3([H])C=CO2)=C3C(O4)=C1C(CCC5=O)=C5C4=O | ||
| 分子式 | C17H12O6 | 分子量 | 312.27 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 20 mg/ml,DMF:PBS(pH 7.2)(1:1): 0.5 mg/ml,DMSO: 12 mg/ml | 储存条件 | -20°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.2024 mL | 16.0118 mL | 32.0236 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6405 mL | 3.2024 mL | 6.4047 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3202 mL | 1.6012 mL | 3.2024 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Aflatoxin B1 and M1: Biological Properties and Their Involvement in Cancer Development
Toxins (Basel) 2018 May 24;10(6):214.PMID:29794965DOI:10.3390/toxins10060214.
Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites found in feeds and foods. When the ruminants eat feedstuffs containing Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), this toxin is metabolized and Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is excreted in milk. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified AFB1 and AFM1 as human carcinogens belonging to Group 1 and Group 2B, respectively, with the formation of DNA adducts. In the last years, some epidemiological studies were conducted on cancer patients aimed to evaluate the effects of AFB1 and AFM1 exposure on cancer cells in order to verify the correlation between toxin exposure and cancer cell proliferation and invasion. In this review, we summarize the activation pathways of AFB1 and AFM1 and the data already reported in literature about their correlation with cancer development and progression. Moreover, considering that few data are still reported about what genes/proteins/miRNAs can be used as damage markers due to AFB1 and AFM1 exposure, we performed a bioinformatic analysis based on interaction network and miRNA predictions to identify a panel of genes/proteins/miRNAs that can be used as targets in further studies for evaluating the effects of the damages induced by AFB1 and AFM1 and their capacity to induce cancer initiation.
Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational exposure, and detoxification methods
Food Chem Toxicol 2019 Feb;124:81-100.PMID:30468841DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.047.
Aflatoxins are a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi and are known to contaminate a large portion of the world's food supply. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent of these compounds and has been well-characterized to lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals. This review focuses on the metabolism of AFB1, including epoxidation and DNA adduction, as it concerns the initiation of cancer and the underlying mechanisms. The link between AFB1 consumption and HCC is also discussed including synergistic interactions with the hepatitis B virus. Toxic effects of AFB1, including growth suppression, malnutrition, and immunomodulation, are also covered. This review also describes recent reports of AFB1 occurrence in global food supplies and exposures in occupational settings. Furthermore, a summary of recent detoxification methods is included to indicate the present state of the field in developing aflatoxin control methods. This information shows that AFB1 occurs frequently in food supplies at high concentrations, particularly in maize. Regarding detoxification methods, chemical control methods were the fastest methods that still retained high detoxification efficacy. The information presented here highlights the need to implement new and/or existing detoxification methods to reduce the global burden of AFB1 toxicity.
Aflatoxin B1: metabolism, toxicology, and its involvement in oxidative stress and cancer development
Toxicol Mech Methods 2022 Jul;32(6):395-419.PMID:34930097DOI:10.1080/15376516.2021.2021339.
Aflatoxins are a class of carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi, which are widely distributed in nature. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic of these compounds and its metabolites have a variety of biological activities, including acute toxicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, which has been well-characterized to lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans and animals. This review focuses on the metabolism of AFB1, including epoxidation and DNA adduction, as it concerns the initiation of cancer and the underlying mechanisms. In addition to DNA adduction, inflammation and oxidative stress caused by AFB1 can also participate in the occurrence of cancer. Therefore, the main carcinogenic mechanism of AFB1 related ROS is summarized. This review also describes recent reports of AFB1 exposures in occupational settings. It is hoped that people will pay more attention to occupational health, in order to reduce the incidence of cancer caused by occupational exposure.
The Aflatoxin B1 content of peanut-based foods in Iran: a systematic review
Rev Environ Health 2021 Jul 29;37(1):29-33.PMID:34332516DOI:10.1515/reveh-2021-0065.
Backgrounds: One of the common consumed snacks among Iranian is nuts. The aim of this systematic review was to determine the rate of peanut contamination with Aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) in different provinces of the Iran. Materials and methods: The research studies with keywords "Aflatoxin B1", "peanut", "peanut butter", "peanut oil", "coated peanut", "roasted peanut", "snack peanut" were searched in PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and scientific information databases (SID), regardless of publication time. A total of 43 studies were obtained and only six articles were finally selected according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. Margin of Exposure (MOE) and Hazard Quotient (HQ) were also calculated to evaluate the oral exposure of AfB1 through peanuts and peanut-based products. Results: The contamination of AFB1 in peanut was high in Mashhad and Tehran compared with the other cities. The value of MOE was calculated less than 10,000. The results of MOE indicate that there are chances of the risk of developing cancer and these products may not be safe. Therefore, AFB1 levels should be measured regularly in peanut products in large cities.
Progress on the detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 using natural anti-oxidants
Food Chem Toxicol 2022 Nov;169:113417.PMID:36096290DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2022.113417.
Aflatoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus fungi. The most toxic among them is Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) which is known to have genotoxic, immunotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic toxic effects (amongst others). The mechanisms responsible for its toxicity include the induction of oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, and DNAdamage. Studies have found that natural anti-oxidants can reduce the damage that AFB1 inflicts on the body by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting the biotransformation of AFB1. Therefore, this review outlines the latest progress in research on the use of natural anti-oxidants as antidotes to aflatoxin poisoning and their detoxification mechanisms. It also considers the problems that may possibly arise from their use and their application prospects. Our aim is to provide a useful reference for the prevention and treatment of AFB1 poisoning.