Duocarmycin A
目录号 : GC35908
Duocarmycin A 是众所周知的抗肿瘤抗生素之一，可有效地使 DNA 中富含 AT 的序列 3' 末端的腺嘌呤 N3 烷基化。Duocarmycin A 作为一种化学治疗剂，通常导致 HLC-2 细胞凋亡，包括染色质浓缩，DNA 直方图模式中的亚 G1 积累，以及procaspase-3 和 9 水平的降低。
Cas No.:118292-34-5
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Duocarmycin A, which is one of well-known antitumor antibiotics, efficiently alkylates adenine N3 at the 3′ end of AT-rich sequences in the DNA. Duocarmycin A, as a chemotherapeutic agent, results HLC-2 cells typically apoptotic changes, including chromatin condensation, sub-G1 accumulation in DNA histogram pattern, and decrease in procaspase-3 and 9 levels[1]. Procaspase-3 Caspase-9
[1]. Hirota M, et al. Distamycin A enhances the cytotoxicity of duocarmycin A and suppresses duocarmycin A-induced apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2007;39(5):988-96.
| Cas No. | 118292-34-5 | SDF | |
| Canonical SMILES | O=C([C@@](N1)(C)C(C([C@@]23[C@@](C3)([H])CN(C(C(N4)=CC5=C4C(OC)=C(OC)C(OC)=C5)=O)C2=C6)=C1C6=O)=O)OC | ||
| 分子式 | C26H25N3O8 | 分子量 | 507.49 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 1.9705 mL | 9.8524 mL | 19.7048 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.3941 mL | 1.9705 mL | 3.941 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.197 mL | 0.9852 mL | 1.9705 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Solution structure of the covalent duocarmycin A-DNA duplex complex
J Mol Biol 1995 Apr 21;248(1):162-79.PMID:7731041DOI:10.1006/jmbi.1995.0209.
Duocarmycin A is an antitumour antibiotic that binds covalently to the minor groove N-3 position of adenine with sequence specificity for the 3'-adenine in a d(A-A-A-A) tract in duplex DNA. The adenine ring becomes protonated on duocarmycin adduct formation resulting in charge delocalization over the purine ring system. We report on the solution structure of Duocarmycin A bound site specifically to A12 (designated *A12+) in the sequence context d(T3-T4-T5-T6).d(A9-A10-A11-*A12+) within a hairpin duplex. The solution structure was solved based on a combined NMR-molecular dynamics study including NOE based intensity refinement. The A and B-rings of duocarmycin are positioned deep within the walls of the minor groove with the B-ring (which is furthest from the covalent linkage site) directed towards the 5'-end of the modified strand. Duocarmycin adopts an extended conformation and is aligned at approximately 45 degrees to the helix axis with its non-polar concave edges interacting with the floor of the minor groove while its polar edges are sandwiched within the walls of the minor groove. The T3.*A12+ modification site pair forms a weak central Watson-Crick hydrogen bond in contrast to all A.T and G.C pairs, which align through standard Watson-Crick pairing in the complex. The helical parameters are consistent with a minimally perturbed right-handed duplex in the complex with minor groove width and x-displacement parameters indicative of a B-form helix. A striking feature of the complex is the positioning of Duocarmycin A within the walls of the minor groove resulting in upfield shifts of the minor groove sugar protons, as well as backbone proton and phosphorus resonances in the DNA segment spanning the binding site.
A novel guanine N3 alkylation by antitumor antibiotic Duocarmycin A
Tetrahedron Lett 1993;34(13):2179-82.PMID:30260344doi
Antitumor antibiotic Duocarmycin A was found to undergo a novel N3 alkylation of the guanine residue (G7) of d(GCAATTGC)2. Guanine base was shown to be a second major target of Duocarmycin A in DNA.
Concerted DNA recognition and novel site-specific alkylation by Duocarmycin A with distamycin A
Biochemistry 1993 Feb 2;32(4):1059-66.PMID:8424935DOI:10.1021/bi00055a010.
Duocarmycin A, a novel antitumor antibiotic, has a reactive cyclopropane ring, which has been reported to alkylate adenine at the 3' end of sequences of three or more consecutive A or T in DNA [Boger, D. L., et al. (1990) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 112, 8961-8971]. In order to study the DNA recognition, the reaction of DNA with Duocarmycin A was performed in the presence of DNA ligands. Distamycin A, berenil, Hoechst 33258, and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), which are minor-groove binders with affinity to A.T-rich sequences, were used. DNA-sequencing experiments showed that treatment of DNA with Duocarmycin A plus distamycin A caused alkylation of guanine residues in G.C-rich sequences, which are not alkylated by Duocarmycin A alone. Guanine alkylation by Duocarmycin A was not observed with berenil, Hoechst 33258, or DAPI. HPLC product analysis showed that Duocarmycin A reacted with a double-helical DNA octamer d(CCCCGGGG)2 in the presence of distamycin A to produce duocarmycin A-guanine adduct, while Duocarmycin A alone did not react with the octamer. Chromomycin A3, which binds as a Mg(II)-coordinated dimer to G.C-rich sequences in the minor groove, inhibited the guanine alkylation by Duocarmycin A in the presence of distamycin A. A footprinting experiment showed that there is a distamycin A-binding site close to the alkylated guanine residue. These results suggest that two different molecules, Duocarmycin A and distamycin A, cooperatively recognize DNA sequences including consecutive G.C base pairs resulting in alkylation at the novel guanine sites. The cooperative drug recognition can be designated as "concerted DNA recognition".
Distamycin A enhances the cytotoxicity of Duocarmycin A and suppresses duocarmycin A-induced apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2007;39(5):988-96.PMID:17321782DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2007.01.019.
Duocarmycin A (Duo), which is one of well-known antitumor antibiotics, efficiently alkylates adenine N3 at the 3' end of AT-rich sequences in the DNA. The addition of a minor groove binder, distamycin A (Dist), not only accerelates the reactivity of Duo with oligonucleotide duplex but also switches the DNA-alkylation site to guanine in GC-rich sequences. Here we examined cytotoxic effect of Duo in the coexistence of Dist using human lung carcinoma (HLC-2) cells. The cytotoxicity of Duo to HLC-2 cells was enhanced 10 times by the addition of 0.5microg/ml Dist, which was much lower than the IC(50) value of 16microg/ml. Addition of Duo alone to HLC-2 cells resulted in typically apoptotic changes, including chromatin condensation, sub-G1 accumulation in DNA histogram pattern, and decrease in procaspase-3 and 9 levels. Interestingly, these apoptotic characteristics in Duo-treated cells were suppressed by the addition of 0.5microg/ml Dist, and the G2/M population in the cell cycle progression of HLC-2 cells was largely unchanged in the coexistence of Dist along with the extremely low accumulation of p53 and higher induction of p21. In contrast, the treatment of HLC-2 cells with Dist (16microg/ml) alone was observed to induce the accumulation of p53 and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. These results indicate that Dist suppresses apoptosis induced by Duo as well as enhances Duo-induced cytotoxicity in living cells, and may contribute to chemotherapy for tumors resistant to inducing apoptotic cell death.
Diastereoselective Dieckmann condensation suitable for introduction of the Duocarmycin A C6 center: development of a divergent strategy for the total synthesis of duocarmycins A and SA
Bioorg Med Chem 1995 Jan;3(1):67-77.PMID:8612048DOI:10.1016/0968-0896(94)00147-u.
The development of a divergent approach to the introduction of the C-ring of the Duocarmycin A and SA alkylation subunits is detailed and includes the development of a diastereoselective Dieckmann condensation suitable for introduction of the Duocarmycin A C6 center with control of its relative and natural R absolute configuration.