Mafenide

Mafenide is a sulfonamide antibiotic that inhibits growth of bacteria.^1,2 It inhibits growth of clinical isolates of S. pyogenes, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, and Gram-negative bacilli from burn patients in an agar well diffusion assay (mean zone of inhibition = 24-37 mm) but not in a broth dilution assay with MIC values ranging from 250 to greater than 5,000 μg/ml.¹ Mafenide also inhibits growth of clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae that produce extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii-calcoaceticus from burn patients in an agar well diffusion assay (mean zones of inhibition = 23.5, 28.9, and 25.8 mm, respectively) but not in a broth dilution assay (mean MICs = 1,024 μg/ml, 1,024 μg/ml, and 1,024 μg/ml, respectively).² It decreases mortality in a rat model of burn wounds seeded with rat virulent P. aeruginosa.³ Mafenide also inhibits human carbonic anhydrase (CA) I and II (K_is = 41.91 and 0.612 μM, respectively).⁴ Formulations containing mafenide have been used in the treatment of severe burns.

1.Rodgers, G.L., Mortensen, J.E., Fisher, M.C., et al.In vitro susceptibility testing of topical antimicrobial agents used in pediatric burn patients: Comparison of two methodsJ. Burn Care Rehabil.18(5)406-410(1997) 2.Glasser, J.S., Guymon, C.H., Mende, K., et al.Activity of topical antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria recovered from burn patientsBurns36(8)1172-1184(2010) 3.Fox, C.L., Jr., Sampath, A.C., and Stanford, J.W.Virulence of Pseudomonas infection in burned rats and mice. Comparative efficacy of silver sulfadiazine and mafenideArch. Surg.101(4)508-512(1970) 4.Fidan, ?., Salmas, R.E., Arslan, M., et al.Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, kinetic, docking and molecular dynamics analysis of novel glycine and phenylalanine sulfonamide derivativesBioorg. Med. Chem.23(23)7353-7358(2015)