Tomatine
(Synonyms: β-番茄碱苷) 目录号 : GC37814
Tomatine (Lycopersicin) is a natural glycoalkaloid with fungicidal, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties.
Cas No.:17406-45-0
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Tomatine (Lycopersicin) is a natural glycoalkaloid with fungicidal, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties.
| Cas No. | 17406-45-0 | SDF | |
| 别名 | β-番茄碱苷 | ||
| 分子式 | C50H83NO21 | 分子量 | 1034.19 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 250 mg/mL (241.74 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 0.9669 mL | 4.8347 mL | 9.6694 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.1934 mL | 0.9669 mL | 1.9339 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.0967 mL | 0.4835 mL | 0.9669 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Tomatine Displays Antitumor Potential in In Vitro Models of Metastatic Melanoma
Int J Mol Sci 2020 Jul 23;21(15):5243.PMID:32718103DOI:10.3390/ijms21155243.
There is a growing interest in the cytotoxic effects of bioactive glycoalkaloids, such as α-tomatine on tumor cells. Here, for the first time, we determine the antitumor potential of Tomatine, a mixture of α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine, in metastatic melanoma (MM) cell lines harboring different BRAF and MC1R variants. We performed cytotoxicity experiments and annexin-V/propidium iodide staining to assess the apoptotic/necrotic status of the cells. ER stress and autophagy markers were revealed by Western Blot, whereas antiangiogenic and vascular-disrupting effects were evaluated through a capillary tube formation assay on matrigel and by ELISA kit for VEGF release determination. Cell invasion was determined by a Boyden chamber matrigel assay. Tomatine reduced 50% of cell viability and induced a concentration-dependent increase of apoptotic cells in the range of 0.5-1 μM in terms of α-tomatine. The extent of apoptosis was more than two-fold higher in V600BRAF-D184H/D184H MC1R cells than in BRAF wild-type cells and V600BRAF-MC1R wild-type cell lines. Additionally, Tomatine increased the LC3I/II autophagy marker, p-eIF2α, and p-Erk1/2 levels in BRAF wild-type cells. Notably, Tomatine strongly reduced cell invasion and melanoma-dependent angiogenesis by reducing VEGF release and tumor-stimulating effects on capillary tube formation. Collectively, our findings support Tomatine as a potential antitumor agent in MM.
Tomato roots secrete Tomatine to modulate the bacterial assemblage of the rhizosphere
Plant Physiol 2021 May 27;186(1):270-284.PMID:33619554DOI:10.1093/plphys/kiab069.
Saponins are the group of plant specialized metabolites which are widely distributed in angiosperm plants and have various biological activities. The present study focused on α-tomatine, a major saponin present in tissues of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. α-Tomatine is responsible for defense against plant pathogens and herbivores, but its biological function in the rhizosphere remains unknown. Secretion of Tomatine was higher at the early growth than the green-fruit stage in hydroponically grown plants, and the concentration of Tomatine in the rhizosphere of field-grown plants was higher than that of the bulk soil at all growth stages. The effects of Tomatine and its aglycone tomatidine on the bacterial communities in the soil were evaluated in vitro, revealing that both compounds influenced the microbiome in a concentration-dependent manner. Numerous bacterial families were influenced in Tomatine/tomatidine-treated soil as well as in the tomato rhizosphere. Sphingomonadaceae species, which are commonly observed and enriched in tomato rhizospheres in the fields, were also enriched in tomatine- and tomatidine-treated soils. Moreover, a jasmonate-responsive ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 4 mutant associated with low Tomatine production caused the root-associated bacterial communities to change with a reduced abundance of Sphingomonadaceae. Taken together, our results highlight the role of Tomatine in shaping the bacterial communities of the rhizosphere and suggest additional functions of Tomatine in belowground biological communication.
Immunobiology of the Tomatine adjuvant
Vaccine 2004 Jun 23;22(19):2380-4.PMID:15193398DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.03.022.
Soluble or sub-unit protein vaccines alone are incapable of generating antigen-specific cellular immune responses. This failure can be attributed to the manner in which the immune system processes antigen; endogenous antigens are cycled through the MHC class I pathway to stimulate CD8+ restricted responses and exogenous antigens are processed through the MHC class II pathway to generate humoral immunity. Traditionally sub-unit vaccines have been formulated with adjuvants to enhance immunogenicity, however in the last decade a number of adjuvants have been developed that effectively stimulate the generation of both humoral and cellular immune responses, although the manner in which they exert their effects has not been investigated. Here we describe Tomatine, a glycoalkaloid based adjuvant, capable of stimulating potent antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses that contribute to protection against malaria, Francisella tularensis and regression of experimental tumors. Using in vivo models we investigated the manner in which cellular immune responses were generated by Tomatine. We established that Tomatine did not require either lymph node or splenic macrophages to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and delivered soluble protein into a pathway not dependant on the machinery of the classical MHC class I pathway. We also observed that at the molecular level Tomatine required both CD80 and CD86 costimulation to engender antigen-specific cellular immunity.
In Vivo and in vitro antitumor activity of Tomatine in hepatocellular carcinoma
Front Pharmacol 2022 Sep 9;13:1003264.PMID:36160442DOI:10.3389/fphar.2022.1003264.
Background: There is abundant ethnopharmacological evidence the uses of regarding Solanum species as antitumor and anticancer agents. Glycoalkaloids are among the molecules with antiproliferative activity reported in these species. Purpose: To evaluate the anticancer effect of the Solanum glycoalkaloid Tomatine in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro (HepG2 cells) and in vivo models. Methods: The resazurin reduction assay was performed to detect the effect of Tomatine on cell viability in human HepG2 cell lines. Programmed cell death was investigated by means of cellular apoptosis assays using Annexin V. The expression of cancer related proteins was detected by Western blotting (WB). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium were determined by 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and Fluo-4, respectively. Intrahepatic HepG2 xenograft mouse model was used to elucidate the effect of Tomatine on tumor growth in vivo. Results and Discussion: Tomatine reduced HepG2 cell viability and induced the early apoptosis phase of cell death, consistently with caspase-3, -7, Bcl-2 family, and P53 proteins activation. Furthermore, Tomatine increased intracellular ROS and cytosolic Ca+2 levels. Moreover, the NSG mouse xenograft model showed that treating mice with Tomatine inhibited HepG2 tumor growth. Conclusion: Tomatine inhibits in vitro and in vivo HCC tumorigenesis in part via modulation of p53, Ca+2, and ROS signalling. Thus, the results suggest the potential cancer therapeutic use of Tomatine in HCC patients.
α-Tomatine inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells
Mol Med Rep 2015 Jun;11(6):4573-8.PMID:25625536DOI:10.3892/mmr.2015.3238.
α‑Tomatine is a glycoalkaloid that occurs naturally in tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum). In the present study, the effects of α‑Tomatine on human myeloid leukemia HL‑60 cells were investigated. Treatment of HL‑60 cells with α‑Tomatine resulted in growth inhibition and apoptosis in a concentration‑dependent manner. Tomatidine, the aglycone of Tomatine had little effect on the growth and apoptosis of HL‑60 cells. Growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by α‑Tomatine in HL‑60 cells was partially abrogated by addition of cholesterol indicating that interactions between α‑Tomatine and cell membrane‑associated cholesterol may be important in mediating the effect of α‑Tomatine. Activation of nuclear factor‑κB by the phorbol ester, 12‑O‑tetradecanoylphorbol‑13‑acetate failed to prevent apoptosis in HL‑60 cells treated with α‑Tomatine. In animal experiments, it was found that treatment of mice with α‑Tomatine inhibited the growth of HL‑60 xenografts in vivo. Results from the present study indicated that α‑Tomatine may have useful anti‑leukemia activities.