Tonapofylline
(Synonyms: BG 9928) 目录号 : GC37815
Tonapofylline (BG 9928) 是一种具有口服活性和选择性 A1 腺苷受体拮抗剂，对人 A1 腺苷受体 (hA1) 的 Ki 为 7.4 nM，选择性高出 A2A 腺苷受体 915 倍，A2B 腺苷受体 12 倍，正在开发为治疗心力衰竭的药物。
Cas No.:340021-17-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >96.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Tonapofylline (BG 9928) is an orally active and selective adenosine A1 receptor antagonist with a Ki of 7.4 nM for human adenosine A1 receptor (hA1), which displays 915-fold selectivity versus human adenosine A2A receptor and 12-fold selectivity versus human adenosine A2B receptor and is used in development for the treatment of heart failure[1][2]. Ki: 7.4 nM (Human adenosine A1 receptor)[1]
Tonapofylline (BG 9928) (1 mg/kg; p.o., b.i.d, days 0-6) produces sustained reductions in post-Cisplatin serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, improves body weight recovery and significant attenuation of Cisplatin-induced (5.5 mg/kg) kidney pathology scores[3]. Animal Model: Female viral antigen-free Sprague-Dawley rats[3]
[1]. Kiesman WF, et al. Potent and orally bioavailable 8-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylxanthines as adenosine A1 receptor antagonists. J Med Chem. 2006 Nov 30;49(24):7119-31. [2]. Ensor CR, et al. Tonapofylline: a selective adenosine-1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of heart failure. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2010 Oct;11(14):2405-15. [3]. Gill A, et al. Protective effect of tonapofylline (BG9928), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Am J Nephrol. 2009;30(6):521-6.
| Cas No. | 340021-17-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | BG 9928 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C(O)CCC1(CC2)CCC2(C(N3)=NC(N(CCC)C(N4CCC)=O)=C3C4=O)CC1 | ||
| 分子式 | C22H32N4O4 | 分子量 | 416.51 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (240.09 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.4009 mL | 12.0045 mL | 24.009 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4802 mL | 2.4009 mL | 4.8018 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2401 mL | 1.2005 mL | 2.4009 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Tonapofylline: a selective adenosine-1 receptor antagonist for the treatment of heart failure
Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010 Oct;11(14):2405-15.PMID:20807184DOI:10.1517/14656566.2010.514605.
Importance of the field: The heart failure and cardiorenal syndromes are major public health hazards, affecting one in five persons during their lifetime. Alternatives to traditional loop-diuretics, including vasopressin and adenosine A(1) receptor antagonists are now in development. Areas covered in this review: The pathophysiologic rationale for the use of Tonapofylline, an intravenous and oral adenosine A(1) receptor antagonist, in patients with heart failure and/or the cardiorenal syndrome are reviewed. A comprehensive review of published literature describing its medicinal chemistry, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, safety and tolerability are provided. We searched the Medline/PubMed and Embase databases for the terms 'BG9928', 'Tonapofylline', 'Adentri', 'adenosine', 'heart failure', 'renal failure' and 'cardiorenal syndrome' from 1 January 1992 to the present. References from pertinent manuscripts were also reviewed for additional relevant content. What the reader will gain: The reader will better appreciate the potential role of Tonapofylline in patients with heart failure and/or the cardiorenal syndrome. Additionally, the reader will gain an understanding of the current state of drug development and the rationale for the need for continued research. Take home message: Tonapofylline promotes natriuresis and diuresis, and may preserve glomerular filtration rate in patients with heart failure. Additionally, pilot data indicate that Tonapofylline may be renoprotective in the setting of concomitant treatment with a loop-diuretic. Adverse effects were generally mild.
Pharmacokinetics of oral Tonapofylline and its acyl-glucuronide metabolite in patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment
J Clin Pharmacol 2012 Apr;52(4):543-51.PMID:21610206DOI:10.1177/0091270011400413.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of Tonapofylline. Patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment were enrolled in parallel with demographically matched healthy subjects. All study participants received a single 75-mg oral Tonapofylline capsule. The pharmacokinetic parameters for both Tonapofylline and its active metabolite, acyl-glucuronide (tonapofylline-AG), were affected by hepatic impairment significantly (P < .1) except for time to peak plasma concentration (t(max)), terminal half-life (t(½)), and apparent volume of distribution based on the terminal phase (Vdz/F). In the mild group, peak plasma concentration (C(max)), area under the time-concentration curve from time 0 to 48 hours postdose (AUC(48 h)), and from time 0 to infinity (AU(Cinf)) of Tonapofylline modestly increased as compared with the control healthy subjects (GMR 1.62, 1.57, and 1.53, respectively). The extent of increase of these parameters for tonapofylline-AG was more profound than Tonapofylline with geometric mean ratio (GMR) ranging from 2.02 to 2.08. Moderate hepatic impairment was also associated with modest increases of C(max), AUC(48 h), and AUC(inf) of Tonapofylline (GMR 1.41, 1.98, and 2.08, respectively). Similar to the mild group, the increase of these parameters were higher for tonapofylline-AG with GMR ranging from 2.80 to 3.86. Single oral 75-mg Tonapofylline was safe and well tolerated in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Tonapofylline in subjects with severe renal impairment and in elderly subjects
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2011 Sep;49(9):563-70.PMID:21888869DOI:10.5414/cp201518.
Objective: The study was conducted to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Tonapofylline in subjects with severe renal impairment and in elderly subjects. Method: Subjects with severe renal impairment were matched demographically with healthy subjects. Elderly subjects with normal renal function for their ages were also enrolled. All subjects (n = 8 per group) received a single intravenous administration of Tonapofylline at 1 mg/kg. Results: The pharmacokinetics of Tonapofylline was not significantly different in subjects with severe renal impairment, or in elderly subjects, as compared to healthy subjects. Among all pharmacokinetic parameters, the only statistically significant difference was observed for Cmax between the healthy and the severe renal impairment groups, which was 21% and considered clinically insignificant. Pharmacodynamic assessment demonstrated the natriuretic effects of Tonapofylline across groups, with little accompanying kaliuresis. No change in renal function occurred after single dose of Tonapofylline, despite substantial increases in excretion of urinary sodium. Single 1 mg/kg intravenous administration of Tonapofylline was generally safe. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics of Tonapofylline in subjects with severe renal impairment and elderly subjects with normal renal function for age is similar to that in healthy subjects. It has been demonstrated in all groups that Tonapofylline has natriuretic effects and is able to maintain renal function, which can be beneficial to patients with congestive heart failure.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of Tonapofylline: evaluation of dose proportionality, oral bioavailability, and gender and food effects in healthy human subjects
J Clin Pharmacol 2011 Jul;51(7):1004-14.PMID:20926751DOI:10.1177/0091270010377633.
Tonapofylline is an antagonist of adenosine A1 receptor being developed for heart failure. In the present studies, pharmacokinetic characteristics, including dose proportionality, bioavailability, and effects of gender and food, were evaluated in healthy subjects receiving single-dose Tonapofylline (0.2-375 mg) in a parallel or crossover design. Following oral administration, Tonapofylline concentrations mostly peaked within 3 hours and declined over time in a multiple phasic manner. Based on a power model, dose proportionality of peak concentration (C(max)), area under the time-concentration curve for all values (AUC(all)), and area under the time-concentration curve to infinity (AUC(inf)) was concluded in a clinical setting. The bioavailability of Tonapofylline was 81.2% (90% confidence interval, 70.6%-93.5%). Following intravenous administration, the steady-state volume of distribution of Tonapofylline was estimated to be 756 mL/kg. The total clearance of Tonapofylline was low (64.8 mL/h/kg), approximately 5% of hepatic blood flow. The terminal half-life was variable within groups and ranged from 11.2 to 24.2 hours across the dose range. Female subjects showed significantly higher C(max), AUC(all), and AUC(inf) than male subjects (P < .05). Food decreased C(max) by approximately 39%, whereas it did not appear to affect AUC(all) and AUC(inf). The intersubject variability of the pharmacokinetic parameters of Tonapofylline was generally less than 30%. In these studies, a single dose of Tonapofylline was safe and well tolerated.
Protective effect of Tonapofylline (BG9928), an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury in rats
Am J Nephrol 2009;30(6):521-6.PMID:19828940DOI:10.1159/000248762.
Background/aims: Cisplatin (CIS) induces nephrotoxicity partly through renal vasoconstriction and decreased glomerular filtration effects thought to involve adenosine acting on adenosine A(1) receptors (A1Rs). We studied the effect of the orally active, A1R antagonist Tonapofylline (BG9928) on biochemical measures of renal function in CIS-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Methods: Tonapofylline, 1 mg/kg b.i.d., p.o., was administered on days 0-1 or 0-6 to rats treated with CIS 5.5 mg/kg i.v. Prednisolone (PRED) 5 mg/kg s.c. (day 0) served as a positive control. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured in serial blood samples taken over the 13-day study period. Results: CIS produced significant elevations in creatinine, reduction in body weight and marked proximal tubular injury throughout the renal cortex and outer medulla. Tonapofylline, days 0-1 or 0-6 and PRED all produced sustained reductions in post-CIS serum creatinine and BUN levels compared with controls, improved body weight recovery and significant attenuation of CIS-induced kidney pathology scores. Conclusion: These data support the involvement of A1Rs in CIS-induced AKI in rats. Tonapofylline may be useful in the clinical setting for the prevention of kidney failure induced by nephrotoxic agents such as CIS.