ZLN024
(Synonyms: 2-[[2-(2-溴-4-甲基苯氧基)乙基]硫基]嘧啶) 目录号 : GC37970
An allosteric activator of AMPK
Cas No.:723249-01-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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- Purity: >98.00%
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Kinase experiment: | Before the scintillation proximity assay (SPA) assay, 200 nM recombinant AMPK protein (α1β1γ1, α2β1γ1, α1β2γ1, α2β2γ1, α1(1-394), α1(1-335), α1(1-312)) is constructed, expressed, purified and fully phosphorylated. The SPA reactions are performed in 96-well plates in a final volume of 50 µL containing 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 2 µM biotin-SAMS, 2 µM ATP and 7.4×103 Bq/well [γ-33P]ATP. The reactions are initiated by the addition of 50 nM recombinant AMPK protein to the reaction solutions, followed by incubation at 30°C for 2 hr. The reactions are then terminated by the addition of 40 µL of stop solution containing 80 µg Streptavidin-coated SPA beads per well, 50 mM EDTA and 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS, pH 7.5, followed by incubation for 1 hr. Finally, 160 µL of suspension solution containing 2.4 M CsCl, 50 mM EDTA and 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS, pH 7.5, is added to the reaction solution to suspend the SPA beads completely. The SPA signals are measured in a Wallac Microbeta plate counter 30 min later[1]. |
Animal experiment: | Mice[1]C57BKS db/db mice are maintained under a 12 hr light-dark cycle with free access to water and food. At 8 weeks of age, male db/db mice are randomly assigned to the various treatment groups by body weight and glucose levels (n=6-8). The treatment groups for the 5-week chronic study are as follows: vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose), ZLN024 (15 mg/kg) and Metformin (250 mg/kg). The treatments are orally administered once daily. The body weights and food intake are measured daily. After 5 weeks of treatment, the mice are killed after a final dose, and the tissues are collected for further analysis. |
References: [1]. Zhang LN, et al. Novel small-molecule AMP-activated protein kinase allosteric activator with beneficial effects in db/db mice. PLoS One. 2013 Aug 20;8(8):e72092. | |
ZLN024 is an allosteric activator of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) heterotrimers (EC50s = 0.42 and 0.95 ?M for α1β1γ1 and α2β1γ1, respectively).1 Activation of AMPK by ZLN024 requires phosphorylation of AMPK on Thr172, and ZLN024 protects Thr172 from dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2Cα.1 ZLN024 stimulates glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in L6 myotubes. In primary hepatocytes, ZLN024 decreases fatty acid synthesis and glucose output.1 ZLN024 reduces liver triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content and improves glucose tolerance in db/db mice.1
1.Zhang, L.-N., Xu, L., Zhou, H.-Y., et al.Novel small-molecule AMP-activated protein kinase allosteric activator with beneficial effects in db/db mice.PLoS One8(8)e72092(2013)
| Cas No. | 723249-01-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 2-[[2-(2-溴-4-甲基苯氧基)乙基]硫基]嘧啶 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC1=CC=C(OCCSC2=NC=CC=N2)C(Br)=C1 | ||
| 分子式 | C13H13BrN2OS | 分子量 | 325.22 |
| 溶解度 | DMF: 30 mg/ml,DMF:PBS (pH 7.2) (1:4): 0.2 mg/ml,DMSO: 25 mg/ml,Ethanol: 5 mg/ml | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.0748 mL | 15.3742 mL | 30.7484 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.615 mL | 3.0748 mL | 6.1497 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3075 mL | 1.5374 mL | 3.0748 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Novel small-molecule AMP-activated protein kinase allosteric activator with beneficial effects in db/db mice
PLoS One 2013 Aug 20;8(8):e72092.PMID:23977216DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0072092.
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor of metabolism that is an attractive therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome. Using a homogeneous scintillation proximity assay (SPA), we identified a new small-molecule AMPK activator, ZLN024, which allosterically stimulated active AMPK heterotrimers and the inactive α1 subunit truncations α1 (1-394) and α1 (1-335) but not α1 (1-312). AMPK activation by ZLN024 requires the pre-phosphorylation of Thr-172 by at least one upstream kinase and protects AMPK Thr-172 against dephosphorylation by PP2Cα. ZLN024 activated AMPK in L6 myotubes and stimulated glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation without increasing the ADP/ATP ratio. ZLN024 also activated AMPK in primary hepatocytes, decreased fatty acid synthesis and glucose output. Treatment of db/db mice with 15 mg/kg/day ZLN024 improved glucose tolerance; liver tissue weight, triacylglycerol and the total cholesterol content were decreased. The hepatic transcriptional level of G6Pase, FAS and mtGPAT were reduced. The transcription of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and the mitochondrial biogenesis of muscle tissue were elevated. The ACC phosphorylation was increased in muscle and liver. This study provides a novel allosteric AMPK activator for functional study in vitro and in vivo and demonstrates that AMPK allosteric activators could be a promising therapeutic approach for type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome.
AMP-activated protein kinase slows D2 dopamine autoreceptor desensitization in substantia nigra neurons
Neuropharmacology 2019 Nov 1;158:107705.PMID:31301335DOI:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107705.
Dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra zona compacta (SNC) are well known to express D2 receptors. When dopamine is released from somatodendritic sites, activation of D2 autoreceptors suppresses dopamine neuronal activity through activation of G protein-coupled K+ channels. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master enzyme that acts in somatic tissues to suppress energy expenditure and encourage energy production. We hypothesize that AMPK may also conserve energy in central neurons by reducing desensitization of D2 autoreceptors. We used whole-cell patch-clamp recordings to study the effects of AMPK activators and inhibitors on D2 autoreceptor-mediated current in SNC neurons in midbrain slices from rat pups (11-23 days post-natal). Slices were superfused with 100 μM dopamine or 30 μM quinpirole for 25 min, which evoked outward currents that decayed slowly over time. Although the AMPK activators A769662 and ZLN024 significantly slowed rundown of dopamine-evoked current, slowing of quinpirole-evoked current required the presence of a D1-like agonist (SKF38393). Moreover, the D1-like agonist also slowed the rundown of quinpirole-induced current even in the absence of an AMPK activator. Pharmacological antagonist experiments showed that the D1-like agonist effect required activation of either protein kinase A (PKA) or exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (Epac2) pathways. In contrast, the effect of AMPK on rundown of current evoked by quinpirole plus SKF38393 required PKA but not Epac2. We conclude that AMPK slows D2 autoreceptor desensitization by augmenting the effect of D1-like receptors.
The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase-pH axis: A key regulator of the profibrogenic phenotype of human hepatic stellate cells
Hepatology 2018 Sep;68(3):1140-1153.PMID:29663481DOI:10.1002/hep.30029.
Liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are characterized by activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which is associated with higher intracellular pH (pHi). The vacuolar H+ adenosine-triphosphatase (v-ATPase) multisubunit complex is a key regulator of pHi homeostasis. The present work investigated the functional role of v-ATPase in primary human HSC (hHSC) activation and its modulation by specific adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) subunits. We demonstrate that the expression of different v-ATPase subunits was increased in in vivo and in vitro activated hHSCs compared to nonactivated hHSCs. Specific inhibition of v-ATPase with bafilomycin and KM91104 induced a down-regulation of the HSC fibrogenic gene profile, which coincided with increased lysosomal pH, decreased pHi, activation of AMPK, reduced proliferation, and lower metabolic activity. Similarly, pharmacological activation of AMPK by treatment with diflunisal, A769662, and ZLN024 reduced the expression of v-ATPase subunits and profibrogenic markers. v-ATPase expression was differently regulated by the AMPK α1 subunit (AMPKα1) and AMPKα2, as demonstrated in mouse embryo fibroblasts specifically deficient for AMPK α subunits. In addition, activation of v-ATPase in hHSCs was shown to be AMPKα1-dependent. Accordingly, pharmacological activation of AMPK in AMPKα1-depleted hHSCs prevented v-ATPase down-regulation. Finally, we showed that v-ATPase expression was increased in fibrotic livers from bile duct-ligated mice and in human cirrhotic livers. Conclusion: The down-regulation of v-ATPase might represent a promising target for the development of antifibrotic strategies. (Hepatology 2018).