Gitogenin
(Synonyms: 支脱皂苷元) 目录号 : GC38046
A sapogenin with enzyme inhibitory and hormone-releasing activities
Cas No.:511-96-6
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Gitogenin is a sapogenin that has been found in T. foenum-graecum and has enzyme inhibitory and hormone-releasing activities.1,2 It is an inhibitor of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoform UGT1A4 (IC50 = 0.69 ?M).1 Gitogenin (20 ?g/ml) stimulates the release of growth hormone in primary rat pituitary cells.2
1.Xu, M., Dong, P., Tian, X., et al.Drug interaction study of natural steroids from herbs specifically toward human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A4 and their quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis for predictionPharmacol. Res.110139-150(2016) 2.Shim, S.H., Lee, E.J., Kim, J.S., et al.Rat growth-hormone release stimulators from fenugreek seedsChem. Biodivers.5(9)1753-1761(2008)
| Cas No. | 511-96-6 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 支脱皂苷元 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C[C@@H]1[C@@]2(CC[C@@H](C)CO2)O[C@]3([H])[C@@]1([H])[C@@]4([C@@]([C@@]5([H])[C@]([C@@]6([C@@](C[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C6)([H])CC5)C)([H])CC4)([H])C3)C | ||
| 分子式 | C27H44O4 | 分子量 | 432.64 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.3114 mL | 11.557 mL | 23.1139 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4623 mL | 2.3114 mL | 4.6228 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2311 mL | 1.1557 mL | 2.3114 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Gitogenin suppresses lung cancer progression by inducing apoptosis and autophagy initiation through the activation of AMPK signaling
Int Immunopharmacol 2022 Oct;111:108806.PMID:35914447DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108806.
Lung cancer is a leading cause of tumor-associated death worldwide. Autophagy plays a key role in regulating lung cancer progression, and is a promising option for lung cancer treatment. Saponins are a group of naturally occurring plant glycosides, characterized by their strong foam-forming properties in aqueous solution, and exert various biological properties, such as anti-inflammation and anti-cancer. In the present study, we for the first time explored the effects of Gitogenin (GIT), an important saponin derived from Tribulus longipetalus, on lung cancer progression both in vitro and in vivo. We found that GIT markedly reduced the proliferation and induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells through increasing the cleavage of Caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). In addition, GIT-incubated lung cancer cells exhibited clear accumulation of autophagosome, which was essential for GIT-suppressed lung cancer. Mechanistically, GIT-induced autophagy initiation was mainly through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and blocking protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways, respectively. Moreover, the autophagic flux was disrupted in GIT-treated lung cancer cells, contributing to the accumulation of impaired autophagolysosomes. Importantly, we found that suppressing autophagy initiation could abolish GIT-induced cell death; however, autophagosomes accumulation sensitized lung cancer cells to cell death upon GIT treatment. More in vitro experiments showed that GIT led to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lung cancer cells, which was also involved in the modulation of apoptosis. The in vivo findings confirmed the effects of GIT against lung cancer progression with undetectable toxicity to organs. In conclusion, we provided new insights into the treatment of lung cancer, and GIT might be an effective strategy for future clinical application.
Insight into the cardiovascular mechanisms of blood pressure lowering effect of Gitogenin: a steroidal saponin
Clin Exp Hypertens 2021 Nov 17;43(8):723-729.PMID:34396877DOI:10.1080/10641963.2021.1950748.
Background/objectives: Steroidal saponins are widely distributed in medicinal plants with potential applications in cardiovascular disorders. Gitogenin, a saponin, has not been explored as antihypertensive; this investigation was aimed to explore its blood pressure lowering potential and underlying mechanisms.Methodology: The effect of Gitogenin was evaluated on blood pressure in vivo, using normotensive rat model and the underlying cardiovascular mechanism(s) in vitro, in isolated rat aorta and in atria preparations using PowerLab data acquisition system (ADInstrument, Australia).Results: Intravenous injection of Gitogenin decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) in anesthetized rats. Atropine (1 mg/kg) and L-NAME (100 mg/kg) pretreatment significantly (*p < .05) attenuated effect on MAP to Gitogenin. In isolated intact aortic rings, Gitogenin induced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (maximum 65%), which was ablated (maximum 22%) with L-NAME (100 mg/kg) and atropine (1 μM) pretreatment or endothelium removal. Gitogenin was found more potent against angiotensin II precontractions without effect on high K+ and low K+ precontractions. In isolated rat right atria, Gitogenin suppressed rate and force of contractions. Atropine (1 μM) pretreatment partially inhibited effect of Gitogenin on force and eliminated its effect on rate. Combined atropine (10 μM) and atenolol (0.5 μM) pretreatment was without effect on force of contractions but eliminated effect of Gitogenin on rate with 25% increase.Conclusion: These findings indicate that antihypertensive effect of Gitogenin is the outcome of vascular and cardiac effects; agonistic effect on vascular M3 and cardiac M2 receptors; and being more selective for M2. Increase in the rate of atrial contraction might be of clinical importance.
Rat growth-hormone release stimulators from fenugreek seeds
Chem Biodivers 2008 Sep;5(9):1753-61.PMID:18816528DOI:10.1002/cbdv.200890164.
Bioassay-guided fractionation of MeOH extract from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds resulted in the isolation of two rat growth-hormone release stimulators in vitro, fenugreek saponin I (1) and dioscin (9), along with two new, i.e., 2 and 3, and five known analogues, i.e., 4-8. The structures of the new steroidal saponins, fenugreek saponins I, II, and III (1-3, resp.), were determined as Gitogenin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, sarsasapogenin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and Gitogenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. Fenugreek saponin I (1) and dioscin (9) caused ca. 12.5- and 17.7-fold stimulation of release, respectively, of rat growth hormone from rat pituitary cells, whereas Gitogenin (5) showed moderate activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that steroidal saponins stimulate rat growth-hormone release in rat pituitary cells.
Antifungal saponins from bulbs of garlic, Allium sativum L. var. Voghiera
Phytochemistry 2012 Jun;78:126-34.PMID:22513009DOI:10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.03.009.
A bioassay-guided phytochemical analysis of the polar extract from the bulbs of garlic, Allium sativum L., var. Voghiera, typical of Voghiera, Ferrara (Italy), allowed the isolation of ten furostanol saponins; voghieroside A1/A2 and voghieroside B1/B2, based on the rare agapanthagenin aglycone; voghieroside C1/C2, based on agigenin aglycone; and voghieroside D1/D2 and E1/E2, based on Gitogenin aglycone. In addition, we found two known spirostanol saponins, agigenin 3-O-trisaccharide and Gitogenin 3-O-tetrasaccharide. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established through a combination of extensive nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and chemical analyses. High concentrations of two eugenol diglycosides were also found for the first time in Allium spp. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity towards two fungal species, the air-borne pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the antagonistic fungus Trichoderma harzianum.
Constituents and the antitumor principle of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum
Arch Pharm Res 2001 Feb;24(1):44-50.PMID:11235811DOI:10.1007/BF02976492.
To search for cytotoxic components from Allium victorialis, MTT assays on each extract and an isolated component, Gitogenin 3-O-lycotetroside, were performed against cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicities of most extract were shown to be comparatively weak, though IC50 values of CHCl3 fraction was found to be <31.3-368.4 microg/ml. From the incubated methanol extract at 36 degrees C, eleven kinds of organosulfuric flavours were predictable by GC-MS performance. The most abundant peak was revealed to be 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiin (1) by its mass spectrum. Further, this extract showed significant cytotoxicities toward cancer cell lies. Silica gel column chromatography of the n-butanol fraction led to the isolation of Gitogenin 3-O-lycotetroside (3) along with astragalin (4) and kaempferol 3, 4'-di-O-beta-D-glucoside (5). This steroidal saponin exhibited significant cytotoxic activities (IC50, 6.51-36.5 microg/ml) over several cancer cell lines. When compound 3 was incubated for 24 h with human intestinal bacteria, a major metabolite was produced and then isolated by silica gel column chromatography. By examining parent- and prominent ion peak in FAB-MS spectrum of the metabolite, the structure was speculated not to be any of prosapogenins of 3, suggesting that spiroketal ring were labile to the bacterial reaction. These suggest that disulfides produced secondarily are the antitumor principles.