Didymin

Didymin is a flavonoid that has been found in citrus fruits with diverse biological activities.^1,2,3 It reduces hydrogen peroxide-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activity in SH-SY5Y cells differentiated into a neuronal phenotype.¹ Didymin reduces survival of A549 and H460 lung cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner via induction of cell cycle arrest at the G₀/G₁ phase and Fas-mediated apoptosis.² In vivo, didymin (6 mg/kg) inhibits tumor growth in an A549 mouse xenograft model. It also reduces hepatic collagen deposition, the number of hepatic lesions, and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and TNF-α in a rat model of CCL₄-induced hepatic fibrosis.³

1.Morelli, S., Piscioneri, A., Salerno, S., et al.Neuroprotective effect of didymin on hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in the neuronal membrane systemCells Tissues Organs199(2-3)184-200(2014) 2.Hung, J.-Y., Hsu, Y.-L., Ko, Y.-C., et al.Didymin, a dietary flavonoid glycoside from citrus fruits, induces Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivoLung Cancer68(3)366-374(2010) 3.Lin, X., Bai, F., Nie, J., et al.Didymin alleviates hepatic fibrosis through inhibiting ERK and PI3K/Akt pathways via regulation of Raf kinase inhibitor proteinCell Physiol. Biochem.40(6)1422-1432(2016)