Aluminum Hydroxide
(Synonyms: 氢氧化铝) 目录号 : GC38357
Aluminium hydroxide (Aluminic), found in nature as the mineral gibbsite, is amphoteric (i.e., it has both basic and acidic properties). It is used to treat symptoms of increased stomach acid, such as heartburn, upset stomach, sour stomach, or acid indigestion; also reduce phosphate levels in people with certain kidney conditions.
Cas No.:21645-51-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Aluminium hydroxide (Aluminic), found in nature as the mineral gibbsite, is amphoteric (i.e., it has both basic and acidic properties). It is used to treat symptoms of increased stomach acid, such as heartburn, upset stomach, sour stomach, or acid indigestion; also reduce phosphate levels in people with certain kidney conditions.
| Cas No. | 21645-51-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 氢氧化铝 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O[Al](O)O | ||
| 分子式 | AlH3O3 | 分子量 | 78 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: < 1 mg/mL (insoluble or slightly soluble) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C, filled inert atmosphere |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 12.8205 mL | 64.1026 mL | 128.2051 mL |
| 5 mM | 2.5641 mL | 12.8205 mL | 25.641 mL |
| 10 mM | 1.2821 mL | 6.4103 mL | 12.8205 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Advances in aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant research and its mechanism
Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015;11(2):477-88.PMID:25692535DOI:10.1080/21645515.2014.1004026.
In the past few decades, hundreds of materials have been tried as adjuvant; however, only aluminum-based adjuvants continue to be used widely in the world. Aluminum Hydroxide, aluminum phosphate and alum constitute the main forms of aluminum used as adjuvants. Among these, Aluminum Hydroxide is the most commonly used chemical as adjuvant. In spite of its wide spread use, surprisingly, the mechanism of how aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants exert their beneficial effects is still not fully understood. Current explanations for the mode of action of aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants include, among others, the repository effect, pro-phagocytic effect, and activation of the pro-inflammatory NLRP3 pathway. These collectively galvanize innate as well as acquired immune responses and activate the complement system. Factors that have a profound influence on responses evoked by aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant applications include adsorption rate, strength of the adsorption, size and uniformity of Aluminum Hydroxide particles, dosage of adjuvant, and the nature of antigens. Although vaccines containing aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants are beneficial, sometimes they cause adverse reactions. Further, these vaccines cannot be stored frozen. Until recently, aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants were known to preferentially prime Th2-type immune responses. However, results of more recent studies show that depending on the vaccination route, aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants can enhance both Th1 as well as Th2 cellular responses. Advances in systems biology have opened up new avenues for studying mechanisms of aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvants. These will assist in scaling new frontiers in aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant research that include improvement of formulations, use of nanoparticles of Aluminum Hydroxide and development of composite adjuvants.
Aluminum Hydroxide And Aluminum Phosphate Adjuvants Elicit A Different Innate Immune Response
J Pharm Sci 2022 Apr;111(4):982-990.PMID:35090866DOI:10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.014.
Aluminum Hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and aluminum phosphate (AlPO4) are widely used adjuvants in human vaccines. However, a rationale to choose one or the other is lacking since the differences between molecular mechanisms of action of these adjuvants are unknown. In the current study, we compared the innate immune response induced by both adjuvants in vitro and in vivo. Proteome analysis of human primary monocytes was used to determine the immunological pathways activated by these adjuvants. Subsequently, analysis of immune cells present at the site of injection and proteome analysis of the muscle tissue revealed the differentially regulated processes related to the innate immune response in vivo. Incubation with Al(OH)3 specifically enhanced the activation of antigen processing and presentation pathways in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that only intramuscular (I.M.) immunization with Al(OH)3 attracted neutrophils, while I.M. immunization with AlPO4 attracted monocytes/macrophages to the site of injection. In addition, only I.M. immunization with Al(OH)3 enhanced the process of hemostasis after 96 hours, possibly related to neutrophilic extracellular trap formation. Both adjuvants differentially regulated various immune system-related processes. The results show that Al(OH)3 and AlPO4 act differently on the innate immune system. We speculate that these different regulations affect the interaction with cells, due to the different physicochemical properties of both adjuvants.
Safety Assessment of Alumina and Aluminum Hydroxide as Used in Cosmetics
Int J Toxicol 2016 Nov;35(3 suppl):16S-33S.PMID:27913785DOI:10.1177/1091581816677948.
This is a safety assessment of alumina and Aluminum Hydroxide as used in cosmetics. Alumina functions as an abrasive, absorbent, anticaking agent, bulking agent, and opacifying agent. Aluminum Hydroxide functions as a buffering agent, corrosion inhibitor, and pH adjuster. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) evaluated the safe use of alumina in several medical devices and Aluminum Hydroxide in over-the-counter drugs, which included a review of human and animal safety data. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel considered the FDA evaluations as part of the basis for determining the safety of these ingredients as used in cosmetics. Alumina used in cosmetics is essentially the same as that used in medical devices. This safety assessment does not include metallic or elemental aluminum as a cosmetic ingredient. The CIR Expert Panel concluded that alumina and Aluminum Hydroxide are safe in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment.
Aluminum Hydroxide adjuvant produced under constant reactant concentration
J Pharm Sci 2006 Aug;95(8):1822-33.PMID:16795021DOI:10.1002/jps.20692.
Aluminum Hydroxide adjuvant, AlO(OH), is used to potentiate the immune response to vaccines by adsorbing the antigen. The structure of Aluminum Hydroxide adjuvant is unusual as it is crystalline but has a high surface area due to its very small primary particles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical and thermal conditions required to synthesize Aluminum Hydroxide adjuvant that is stable and exhibits a high protein adsorptive capacity. Aluminum Hydroxide adjuvant was precipitated using a procedure in which the concentration of reactants was maintained constant throughout the precipitation. The precipitation variables were: 2.50, 2.75, and 3.00 OH/Al molar ratio; 0.5, 4.0, and 5.0 M NaCl; and 25, 60, and 65 degrees C. High sodium chloride concentration and high temperature facilitated the formation of AlO(OH) rather than crystalline forms of Aluminum Hydroxide, Al(OH)(3). The AlO(OH) produced was not stable because crystalline forms of Aluminum Hydroxide formed during aging at room temperature. Aluminum Hydroxide adjuvant was stabilized for the study period of 12 weeks at room temperature by either the addition of 3.0 M NaCl after precipitation and washing or hydrothermal treatment at 110 degrees C for 4 h. Stabilization by the addition of sodium chloride required a hypertonic concentration of sodium chloride and was not practical as vaccines for parenteral administration are desired to be isotonic (equivalent to 0.15 M NaCl). Stabilization by hydrothermal treatment produced Aluminum Hydroxide adjuvant, which exhibited a high protein adsorptive capacity that did not change during the 12-week study period.
Crumpled Aluminum Hydroxide Nanostructures as a Microenvironment Dysregulation Agent for Cancer Treatment
Nano Lett 2018 Sep 12;18(9):5401-5410.PMID:30070485DOI:10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01592.
Owing to their unique physicochemical properties, nanomaterials have become a focus of multidisciplinary research efforts including investigations of their interactions with tumor cells and stromal compartment of tumor microenvironment (TME) toward the development of next-generation anticancer therapies. Here, we report that agglomerates of radially assembled Al hydroxide crumpled nanosheets exhibit anticancer activity due to their selective adsorption properties and positive charge. This effect was demonstrated in vitro by decreased proliferation and viability of tumor cells, and further confirmed in two murine cancer models. Moreover, Al hydroxide nanosheets almost completely inhibited the growth of murine melanoma in vivo in combination with a minimally effective dose of doxorubicin. Our direct molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that Al hydroxide nanosheets can cause significant ion imbalance in the living cell perimembranous space through the selective adsorption of extracellular anionic species. This approach to TME dysregulation could lay the foundation for development of novel anticancer therapy strategies.