Ampicillin (trihydrate)
(Synonyms: 氨苄青霉素,D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) 目录号 : GC38372
A broad-spectrum antibiotic
Cas No.:7177-48-2
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) inhibits the growth of E. coli of swine origin in a dose-dependent manner. The effective inhibitory concentration of Ampicillin trihydrate is 2.5 uG/mL[1].
Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) is very effective in alleviating the symptoms of hemorrhagic enteritis in a 11-week old pig[1]. Ampicillin trihydrate produces maximum concentrations in bile twice as high as in serum. The peak concentration of ampicillin after an oral dose is as twice as high in portal blood as in peripheral blood[2]. Ampicillin trihydrate provides neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Ampicillin trihydrate reduces the activities of MMPs and increases the expression level of GLT-1. Pretreatment with Ampicillin trihydrate significantly reduces medial hippocampal cell death following global forebrain ischemia[3].
三水合氨苄青霉素（D-（-）-α-氨基苄青霉素三水合物）是一种广谱β-内酰胺类抗生素，可对抗多种革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌。
三水合氨苄青霉素（D-（-）-α-氨基苄青霉素三水合物）以剂量依赖的方式抑制猪源大肠杆菌的生长。三水合氨苄青霉素的有效抑制浓度为2.5μg/mL[1]。
三水合氨苄青霉素（D-（-）-α-氨基苄青霉素三水合物）在缓解11周龄猪出血性肠炎症状方面非常有效[1]。三水合氨苄青霉素在胆汁中产生的最高浓度是血清中的两倍。口服后，氨苄青霉素在门静脉血中的峰值浓度是外周血的两倍[2]。三水合氨苄青霉素对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有神经保护作用。三水合氨苄青霉素降低MMPs的活性并增加GLT-1的表达水平。三水合氨苄青霉素预处理可显著降低全前脑缺血后内侧海马细胞的死亡[3]。
[1]. Chopra SL, et al. Effect of Ampicillin on E. Coli of Swine Origin. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci. 1963 Sep;27(9):223-7. [2]. Lund B, et al. Ampicillin in portal and peripheral blood and bile after oral administration of ampicillin andpivampicillin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1974;7(2):133-5. [3]. Lee KE, et al. The neuroprotective mechanism of ampicillin in a mouse model of transient forebrain ischemia. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;20(2):185-92.
| Cas No. | 7177-48-2 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 氨苄青霉素,D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate | ||
| Canonical SMILES | OC([C@@H]1N(C2=O)[C@]([C@@H]2NC([C@@H](C3=CC=CC=C3)N)=O)([H])SC1(C)C)=O.[3H2O] | ||
| 分子式 | C16H25N3O7S | 分子量 | 403.45 |
| 溶解度 | 0.1 M NaOH:25mg/mL(71.55 mM);Water:5mg/mL(14.31 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at 2-8°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.4786 mL | 12.3931 mL | 24.7862 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.4957 mL | 2.4786 mL | 4.9572 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2479 mL | 1.2393 mL | 2.4786 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
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计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Disposition of Ampicillin trihydrate in plasma, uterine tissue, lochial fluid, and milk of postpartum dairy cattle
J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2015 Aug;38(4):330-5.PMID:25376083DOI:10.1111/jvp.12178.
The objective of this study was to determine the disposition of Ampicillin in plasma, uterine tissue, lochial fluid, and milk of postpartum dairy cattle. Ampicillin trihydrate was administered by intramuscular (i.m.) injection at a dose of 11 mg/kg of body weight every 24 h (n = 6, total of 3 doses) or every 12 h (n = 6, total of 5 doses) for 3 days. Concentrations of Ampicillin were measured in plasma, uterine tissue, lochial fluid, and milk using HPLC with ultraviolet absorption. Quantifiable Ampicillin concentrations were found in plasma, milk, and lochial fluid of all cattle within 30 min, 4 h, and 4 h of administration of Ampicillin trihydrate, respectively. There was no significant effect of dosing interval (every 12 vs. every 24 h) and no significant interactions between dosing interval and sampling site on the pharmacokinetic variable measured or calculated. Median peak Ampicillin concentration at steady-state was significantly higher in lochial fluid (5.27 μg/mL after q 24 h dosing) than other body fluids or tissues and significantly higher in plasma (3.11 μg/mL) compared to milk (0.49 μg/mL) or endometrial tissue (1.55 μg/mL). Ampicillin trihydrate administered once daily by the i.m. route at the label dose of 11 mg/kg of body weight achieves therapeutic concentrations in the milk, lochial fluid, and endometrial tissue of healthy postpartum dairy cattle.
Solid-state fluorescence of the trihydrate phases of Ampicillin and amoxicillin
AAPS PharmSciTech 2005 Oct 22;6(3):E444-8.PMID:16354003DOI:10.1208/pt060355.
The purpose of this work was to study the effects of crystal structure on the solid-state photoluminescence of the trihydrate phases of Ampicillin and amoxicillin, and to contrast these spectra with analogous spectra obtained on the molecules dissolved in a solution phase. The polymorphic identity of the analytes was established using x-ray powder diffraction and Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy, and the solid-state luminescence spectra obtained under ambient conditions. It was found that the solid-state excitation and emission spectra of Ampicillin trihydrate and amoxicillin trihydrate were dominated by energy transfer and exciton effects, which were manifested as decreases in the energy of the excitation and emission bands of the solid-state systems relative to those of the free molecule in solution. The photoluminescence data revealed that in spite of the known structural similarity of Ampicillin trihydrate and amoxicillin trihydrate, the magnitude of the Davydov splitting, and the degree of band energy shifting differed between the 2 systems. This finding indicates that the small differences in crystal structure existing between the 2 compounds leads to measurable differences in the patterns of energy transfer.
Ampicillin and its congener prodrugs in the horse
Br Vet J 1994 Mar-Apr;150(2):173-87.PMID:8025849DOI:10.1016/S0007-1935(05)80225-8.
Ampicillin is an antibiotic commonly administered to horses by both the intramuscular (i.m.) and the intravenous (i.v.) route. Its physicochemical properties restrict its absorption after oral administration and explain its rapid elimination from the body. To prolong the effects of Ampicillin in the horse, attempts have been made to alter its elimination and absorption rates. The alteration of urinary pH did not change the plasma disposition of the antibiotic but when probenecid was administered concurrently with Ampicillin, a significant reduction of total body clearance was achieved. Ampicillin may also be maintained in the equine body, for a prolonged period of time when administered as an i.v. infusion. However, the practical difficulties associated with this route of administration and the limited potential advantage over conventional routes such as i.m. injection restrict its application to the critically ill animal and the perioperative period. When bacampicillin and pivampicillin (two Ampicillin prodrugs) were administered to horses, high oral bioavailability was obtained, and the use of prodrugs commands the need for further investigation. The use of Ampicillin might be limited in the future as an increase in the number of resistant equine bacterial strains emerge and it may be prudent to restrict its use according to the principles of good clinical pharmacological practice.
C-H▪▪▪S Hydrogen Bonds in Ampicillin and Amoxicillin Crystals Investigated by Sulfur K-Edge X-Ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure Spectroscopy and Single-Crystal X-Ray Structure Analysis
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022;70(10):731-734.PMID:36184456DOI:10.1248/cpb.c22-00377.
Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was evaluated for its ability to detect non-conventional C-H▪▪▪S hydrogen bonds in crystals of the sulfur-containing penam antibiotics Ampicillin and amoxicillin. The XANES spectra of the nearly isomorphous crystals of Ampicillin trihydrate and amoxicillin trihydrate were very similar, whereas that of Ampicillin anhydrate displayed unique features. Single-crystal X-ray structure analyses revealed that the C-H▪▪▪S hydrogen bond geometries and the chemical types of the hydrogen donors differed between the isomorphous trihydrate crystals and Ampicillin anhydrate crystal. These observations demonstrate that the shapes of the sulfur K-edge XANES spectra are dependent on the nature of the C-H▪▪▪S hydrogen bonds. Sulfur K-edge XANES spectroscopy shows promise for use in the detection and analysis of non-covalent interactions, including hydrogen bonds to sulfur atoms, within active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Efficacy of Ampicillin trihydrate or ceftiofur hydrochloride for treatment of metritis and subsequent fertility in dairy cows
J Dairy Sci 2014 Sep;97(9):5401-14.PMID:24952780DOI:10.3168/jds.2013-7569.
Our objectives were to evaluate the efficacy of Ampicillin trihydrate for the treatment of metritis in dairy cows compared with ceftiofur hydrochloride and the subsequent effects on pregnancy at first insemination (P/AI). Cows in the first 12 d in milk (DIM) with a uterine discharge score of 5 (watery, reddish or brownish discharge of foul smell) and rectal temperature <39.5°C were diagnosed with metritis based on the fetid discharge, and cows with metritis and rectal temperature ≥39.5°C were diagnosed as having puerperal metritis. Cows with metritis (n=528) were blocked by parity and type of metritis as fetid discharge or puerperal metritis and, within each block, assigned randomly to receive 11mg/kg of Ampicillin (n=259) or 2.2mg/kg of ceftiofur (n=269) once daily for 5 d. Day of diagnosis of metritis was considered study d 1. A cohort of 268 cows without metritis was selected randomly at 12 DIM. Rectal temperature was measured in cows with metritis on study d 1 to 7, and 12, and vaginal discharge was scored on study d 5, 7, and 12. Metritis cure was characterized by vaginal discharge score of <5 or by vaginal discharge score of <5 and no fever. At 32±3 DIM, vaginal discharge was scored for diagnosis of purulent vaginal discharge. At 39±3 DIM, endometrial cytology was performed. At 53±3 and 67±3 DIM, ovaries were scanned to determine estrous cyclicity. Pregnancy was evaluated after the first AI. Cure of metritis based on vaginal discharge <5 was greater for Ampicillin than ceftiofur on d 5 (37.1 vs. 25.2%) and 7 (57.2 vs. 46.3%), but not on d 12 (82.0 vs. 85.0%). Cure of metritis based on vaginal discharge <5 and no fever was greater for Ampicillin than for ceftiofur only on d 7 (50.4 vs. 37.9%), but not on d 5 (23.1 vs. 17.6%) and 12 (66.1 vs. 67.4%). Cows with puerperal metritis had reduced cure compared with cows with fetid discharge on d 5 (30.5 vs. 12.8%), 7 (55.2 vs. 33.6%), and 12 (72.0 vs. 61.1%). The proportion of cows with fever on any day after therapy started did not differ between treatments. Fifty-three percent of cows with metritis based on fetid discharge developed fever after initiating antimicrobial therapy. Cows receiving Ampicillin had less prevalence of purulent vaginal discharge than those treated with ceftiofur (57.7 vs. 67.8%), but they were both greater than cows without metritis (21.9%). Prevalence of cytological endometritis did not differ between Ampicillin and ceftiofur (30.0 vs. 25.4%), but they were both greater than cows without metritis (14.5%). The proportion of estrous cyclic cows (75.0%) and P/AI did not differ among treatments (Ampicillin=28.0% vs. ceftiofur=28.3% vs. without metritis=30.5%). Clinical cure was faster for Ampicillin than for ceftiofur, but on study d 12 both treatments resulted in similar cure. Clinical cure was less for cows with puerperal metritis than for cows with fetid uterine discharge. Despite differences in uterine health, P/AI at the first insemination did not differ among treatments.