Ampicillin (trihydrate)

Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic against a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) inhibits the growth of E. coli of swine origin in a dose-dependent manner. The effective inhibitory concentration of Ampicillin trihydrate is 2.5 uG/mL[1].

Ampicillin trihydrate (D-(-)-α-Aminobenzylpenicillin trihydrate) is very effective in alleviating the symptoms of hemorrhagic enteritis in a 11-week old pig[1]. Ampicillin trihydrate produces maximum concentrations in bile twice as high as in serum. The peak concentration of ampicillin after an oral dose is as twice as high in portal blood as in peripheral blood[2]. Ampicillin trihydrate provides neuroprotection against ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. Ampicillin trihydrate reduces the activities of MMPs and increases the expression level of GLT-1. Pretreatment with Ampicillin trihydrate significantly reduces medial hippocampal cell death following global forebrain ischemia[3].

三水合氨苄青霉素（D-（-）-α-氨基苄青霉素三水合物）是一种广谱β-内酰胺类抗生素，可对抗多种革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌。

三水合氨苄青霉素（D-（-）-α-氨基苄青霉素三水合物）以剂量依赖的方式抑制猪源大肠杆菌的生长。三水合氨苄青霉素的有效抑制浓度为2.5μg/mL[1]。

三水合氨苄青霉素（D-（-）-α-氨基苄青霉素三水合物）在缓解11周龄猪出血性肠炎症状方面非常有效[1]。三水合氨苄青霉素在胆汁中产生的最高浓度是血清中的两倍。口服后，氨苄青霉素在门静脉血中的峰值浓度是外周血的两倍[2]。三水合氨苄青霉素对脑缺血再灌注损伤具有神经保护作用。三水合氨苄青霉素降低MMPs的活性并增加GLT-1的表达水平。三水合氨苄青霉素预处理可显著降低全前脑缺血后内侧海马细胞的死亡[3]。

[1]. Chopra SL, et al. Effect of Ampicillin on E. Coli of Swine Origin. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci. 1963 Sep;27(9):223-7. [2]. Lund B, et al. Ampicillin in portal and peripheral blood and bile after oral administration of ampicillin andpivampicillin. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1974;7(2):133-5. [3]. Lee KE, et al. The neuroprotective mechanism of ampicillin in a mouse model of transient forebrain ischemia. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2016 Mar;20(2):185-92.