Epigoitrin

Epigoitrin is an alkaloid that has been found in Crambe abyssinica and has diverse biological activities.^1,2,3,4 It decreases norepinephrine formation by bovine dopamine-β-hydroxylase in a cell-free assay when used at a concentration of 0.1 mM.¹ Epigoitrin inhibits the proliferation of RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC₅₀ = ~1 mM).² It increases serum cholesterol levels and liver and thyroid weight, as well as decreases serum thyroxine levels, in rats.³ Epigoitrin (176 mg/kg) improves survival in mice made susceptible to influenza A H1N1 infection by restraint stress.⁴ It also prolongs pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in male, but not female, rats.³

1.Zenker, N., Hubbard, L.S., and Wright, J.Inhibition of dopamine β-hydroxylase by goitrin, a natural antithyroid compoundJ. Nat. Prod.51(5)862-865(1988) 2.Hou, X., Zhang, X., Bi, J., et al.Indole-3-carboxaldehyde regulates RSV-induced inflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells by moderate inhibition of the TLR7 signaling pathwayJ. Nat. Med.75(3)602-611(2021) 3.Nishie, K., and Daxenbichler, E.Hepatic effects of R-goitrin in Sprague-Dawley ratsFood Chem. Toxicol.20(3)279-287(1982) 4.Luo, Z., Liu, L.-F., Wang, X.-H., et al.Epigoitrin, an Alkaloid From Isatis indigotica, Reduces H1N1 Infection in Stress-Induced Susceptible Model in vivo and in vitroFront. Pharmacol.1078(2019)