Swertiamarin

Swertiamarin is an orally bioavailable secoiridoid glycoside that has been found in E. axillare and has diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective properties.^1,2,3,4,5 It scavenges ABTS radicals and hydrogen peroxide (IC₅₀s = 2.83 and 5.7 μM, respectively).¹ Swertiamarin (50 μg/ml) inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production in IL-1β-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) isolated from rat hindpaw.² Swertiamarin (25 μg/ml) inhibits oleate-induced lipid droplet and triglyceride accumulation in HepG2 cells.⁴ It decreases liver lipid accumulation, ballooning degeneration, and TNF-α and IL-6 levels in a mouse model of fructose-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) when administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg per day.⁵ Swertiamarin (50 mg/kg per day) also decreases fasting blood glucose and serum cholesterol levels in a rat model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin .³

1.Vaijanathappa, J., and Badami, S.Antiedematogenic and free radical scavenging activity of swertiamarin isolated from Enicostemma axillarePlanta Med.75(1)12-17(2009) 2.Saravanan, S., Islam, V.I., Thirugnanasambantham, K., et al.Swertiamarin ameliorates inflammation and osteoclastogenesis intermediates in IL-1β induced rat fibroblast-like synoviocytesInflamm. Res.63(6)451-462(2014) 3.Sonawane, R.D., Vishwakarma, S.L., Lakshmi, S., et al.Amelioration of STZ-induced type 1 diabetic nephropathy by aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale Blume and swertiamarin in ratsMol. Cell Biochem.340(1-2)1-6(2010) 4.Patel, T.P., Rawal, K., Soni, S., et al.Swertiamarin ameliorates oleic acid induced lipid accumulation and oxidative stress by attenuating gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis in hepatic steatosisBiomed. Pharmacother.83785-791(2016) 5.Yang, Y., Li, J., Wei, C., et al.Amelioration of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by swertiamarin in fructose-fed micePhytomedicine59152782(2019)