Glabrol
(Synonyms: 光甘草醇) 目录号 : GC38636
Glabrol (Compound 1) 是从甘草根的乙醇提取物中分离得到的一种异戊二烯类黄酮，是一种有效且非竞争性的 ACAT (酰基辅酶 A:胆固醇酰基转移酶)抑制剂，对大鼠肝脏微粒体 ACAT 的 IC50 值为 24.6 μM。
Cas No.:59870-65-4
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Glabrol (Compound 1), One isoprenyl flavonoid was isolated from ethanol extract of licorice roots, is a potent and non-competitive Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 24.6 μM for rat liver microsomal ACAT activity[1].
Glabrol (Compound 1) decreases cholesteryl ester formation with an IC50 value of 26.0 μM in HepG2 cells[1].
[1]. Choi JH, et al. Glabrol, an acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor from licorice roots. J Ethnopharmacol. 2007 Apr 4;110(3):563-6.
| Cas No. | 59870-65-4 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 光甘草醇 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C[C@@H](C2=CC=C(O)C(C/C=C(C)\C)=C2)OC3=C(C/C=C(C)\C)C(O)=CC=C13 | ||
| 分子式 | C25H28O4 | 分子量 | 392.49 |
| 溶解度 | Soluble in DMSO | 储存条件 | 4°C, protect from light |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.5478 mL | 12.7392 mL | 25.4784 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5096 mL | 2.5478 mL | 5.0957 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2548 mL | 1.2739 mL | 2.5478 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Glabrol impurity exacerbates glabridin toxicity in zebrafish embryos by increasing myofibril disorganization
J Ethnopharmacol 2022 Apr 6;287:114963.PMID:34971733DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114963.
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Glabridin, extracted from Glycyrrhiza glabra L., is widely used for the treatment of hyperpigmentation because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and its ability to inhibit melanin synthesis. This led to the strict regulation of its quality and safety. However, traditional quality control methods used for plant extracts cannot reflect the product quality owing to multiple unknown impurities, which necessitates the further analysis of impurities. Aim of the study: The study identified the toxic impurities of glabridin and their toxicological mechanism. Materials and methods: In total, 10 glabridin samples from different sources were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Sample toxicities were evaluated using zebrafish and cell models. To identify impurities, samples with different toxicity were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The toxicity of related impurities was verified in the zebrafish model. Phalloidin stain was used to evaluate subtle changes in myofibril alignment. Results: Although glabridin content in the samples was similar, there were significant differences in toxicity. The results were verified using four different mammalian cell lines. Higher contents of glabrone and Glabrol were identified in the sample with the highest toxicity. In the zebrafish model, the addition of Glabrol reduced the LC50 of glabridin to 9.224, 6.229, and 5.370 μM at 48, 72, and 96 h post-fertilization, respectively, whereas glabrone did not have any toxic effect. Phalloidin staining indicated that a Glabrol impurity exacerbates the myotoxicity of glabridin in zebrafish embryos. Conclusion: Glabrol, but not glabrone, was identified as a key impurity that increased glabridin toxicity. This finding indicates that controlling Glabrol content is necessary during glabridin product production.
Glabrol, an acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor from licorice roots
J Ethnopharmacol 2007 Apr 4;110(3):563-6.PMID:17123760DOI:10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.012.
Acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) esterifies free cholesterol in the liver and the intestine. It has relations with production of lipoproteins and accumulation of cholesteryl esters of the atheroma. Therefore, ACAT inhibitors may act as antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic agents. One isoprenyl flavonoid was isolated from ethanol extract of licorice roots. On the basis of spectral evidences, the compound was identified as Glabrol (1). Compound 1 inhibited rat liver microsomal ACAT activity with an IC(50) value of 24.6 microM and decreased cholesteryl ester formation with an IC(50) value of 26.0 microM in HepG2 cells. In addition, 1 showed a non-competitive type of inhibition against ACAT.
Inhibitory activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase by Glabrol isolated from the roots of licorice
Arch Pharm Res 2010 Feb;33(2):237-42.PMID:20195824DOI:10.1007/s12272-010-0208-3.
Acyl-coenzyme A: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes triglyceride synthesis in the glycerol phosphate pathway. It has relations with the excess supply and accumulation of triglycerides. Therefore, DGAT inhibitors may act as a potential therapy for obesity and type 2 diabetes. Five flavonoids were isolated from the ethanol extracts of licorice roots, using an in vitro DGAT inhibitory assay. One isoprenyl flavonoid showed most potential inhibition of DGAT on five flavonoids (1-5). On the basis of spectral evidences, the compound was identified as Glabrol (5). Compound 5 inhibited rat liver microsomal DGAT activity with an IC50 value of 8.0 microM, but the IC50 value for four flavonoids (1-4) was more than 100 microM. In addition, Glabrol showed a noncompetitive type of inhibition against DGAT. These data suggest that potential therapy for the treatment in obesity and type 2 diabetes patients by licorice roots might be related with its DGAT inhibitory effect.
Antibacterial Effect and Mode of Action of Flavonoids From Licorice Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Front Microbiol 2019 Nov 5;10:2489.PMID:31749783DOI:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02489.
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen that causes food poisoning, various infections, and sepsis. Effective strategies and new drugs are needed to control S. aureus associated infections due to the emergence and rapid dissemination of antibiotic resistance. In the present study, the antibacterial activity, potential mode of action, and applications of flavonoids from licorice were investigated. Here, we showed that Glabrol, licochalcone A, licochalcone C, and licochalcone E displayed high efficiency against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Glabrol, licochalcone A, licochalcone C, and licochalcone E exhibited low cytotoxicity without hemolytic activity based on safety evaluation. Glabrol displayed rapid bactericidal activity with low levels of resistance development in vitro. Meanwhile, Glabrol rapidly increased bacterial membrane permeability and dissipated the proton move force. Furthermore, we found that peptidoglycan, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin inhibited the antibacterial activity of Glabrol. Molecular docking showed that Glabrol binds to phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin through the formation of hydrogen bonds. Lastly, Glabrol showed antibacterial activity against MRSA in both in vivo and in vitro models. Altogether, these results suggest that Glabrol is a promising lead compound for the design of membrane-active antibacterial agents against MRSA and can be used as a disinfectant candidate as well.
Hypnotic effects and GABAergic mechanism of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) ethanol extract and its major flavonoid constituent Glabrol
Bioorg Med Chem 2012 Jun 1;20(11):3493-501.PMID:22543233DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.011.
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, GG) is one of the most frequently used herbal medicines worldwide, and its various biological activities have been widely studied. GG is reported to have neurological properties such as antidepressant, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant effects. However, its hypnotic effects and the mechanism of GG and its active compounds have not yet been demonstrated. In this study, GG ethanol extract (GGE) dose-dependently potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep and increased the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice without decreasing delta activity. The hypnotic effect of GGE was completely inhibited by flumazenil, which is a well-known γ-aminobutyric acid type A-benzodiazepine (GABA(A)-BZD) receptor antagonist, similar to other GABA(A)-BZD receptor agonists (e.g., diazepam and zolpidem). The major flavonoid Glabrol was isolated from the flavonoid-rich fraction of GGE; it inhibited [(3)H] flumazenil binding to the GABA(A)-BZD receptors in rat cerebral cortex membrane with a binding affinity (K(i)) of 1.63 μM. The molecular structure and pharmacophore model of Glabrol and liquiritigenin indicate that the isoprenyl groups of Glabrol may play a key role in binding to GABA(A)-BZD receptors. Glabrol increased sleep duration and decreased sleep latency in a dose-dependent manner (5, 10, 25, and 50mg/kg); its hypnotic effect was also blocked by flumazenil. The results imply that GGE and its flavonoid Glabrol induce sleep via a positive allosteric modulation of GABA(A)-BZD receptors.