Chrysene
(Synonyms: 屈) 目录号 : GC38647
Chrysene 是一种高分子量 (HMW) 多环芳烃 (PAH)，有极强的顽固性和致癌性。
Cas No.:218-01-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >97.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Chrysene is a high molecular weight (HMW), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) known for its recalcitrance and carcinogenic properties[1].
[1]. Vaidya S, et al. Degradation of Chrysene by Enriched Bacterial Consortium. Front Microbiol. 2018 Jun 26;9:1333.
| Cas No. | 218-01-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 屈 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C12=CC=CC=C1C=CC3=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=C23 | ||
| 分子式 | C18H12 | 分子量 | 228.29 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 5 mg/mL (21.90 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 4.3804 mL | 21.902 mL | 43.8039 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.8761 mL | 4.3804 mL | 8.7608 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.438 mL | 2.1902 mL | 4.3804 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Chrysene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, induces hepatotoxicity in mice by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)
Chemosphere 2021 Aug;276:130108.PMID:33711793DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130108.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of persistent organic global environmental pollutants and cause harmful effects on human health. Here, we evaluated adverse effects of Chrysene, which is a four-ring PAH and an important member of 16 priority PAHs, on the liver. Chrysene was detected in some common raw and cooked Chinese food samples. Hepatotoxicity including increased relative liver weight, hepatocyte swelling and degeneration, and elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were observed in chrysene-exposed C57BL/6 mice. Glutamine treatment effectively ameliorated chrysene-induced mice liver injury by decreasing serum ALT levels. Chrysene induced mice hepatic glutathione depletion and oxidative DNA damage with increased 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Hepatic expression levels of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), AhR-related target genes including CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, and AhR nuclear translocator (ARNT) were significantly increased in chrysene-exposed C57BL/6 mice. Chrysene induced mice hepatic mRNA levels of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nrf2-mediated phase II detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes including NQO1, UGT1A1, UGT1A6, SULT1A1, GSTm1, GSTm3, Catalase (CAT), GPx1, and SOD2. We found that Chrysene had toxic effects including increased relative liver weight and elevated serum ALT levels on AhR+/+ mice but not AhR-/- mice. Chrysene significantly induced hepatic mRNA levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in AhR+/+ mice but not AhR-/- mice. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that hepatotoxicity causes by Chrysene is dependent on AhR, and Nrf2 plays an important regulation role in protection against oxidative liver injury induced by Chrysene.
Chrysene accelerates the proceeding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with the aggravation of inflammation and apoptosis in cigarette smoke exposed mice
Hum Exp Toxicol 2021 Jun;40(6):1031-1044.PMID:33345606DOI:10.1177/0960327120979343.
Chrysene, one of the basic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), has been reported to make damages to human health and living environment. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disorder with high morbidity and mortality. To investigate the role of Chrysene in the development of COPD, male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to the cigarette smoke (CS) followed with the administration of Chrysene. Morphological analyses indicated that Chrysene caused earlier and severer pathological changes in CS-exposed mice. Besides, CS-exposed mice with Chrysene treatment showed obvious collagen deposition, elevated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and reduced E-cadherin abundance at earlier stage, which suggested the acceleration and aggravation of pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, quantification of leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues implied that Chrysene significantly exacerbated the proceeding of inflammation in CS-exposed mice. Furthermore, significantly increased apoptotic rates, augmented expressions of apoptotic related proteins and highly expressed TRPV1 were determined in CS-exposed mice with Chrysene treatment, which indicated the association between COPD pathogenesis and TRPV1 channel. In summary, our findings elucidate that Chrysene accelerates the development of COPD in a murine model with new molecular mechanisms.
Atmospheric degradation of Chrysene initiated by OH radical: A quantum chemical investigation
Chemosphere 2021 Jan;263:128267.PMID:33297211DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128267.
Chrysene, a four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), is recalcitrant to biodegradation and persistent in the environment due to its low water solubility. Here, we investigated the atmospheric degradation process of Chrysene initiated by OH radical in the presence of O2 and NOX using quantum chemical calculations. The reaction mechanisms were elucidated by density functional theory (DFT) at M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,2p)//M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level, and the kinetics calculations were conducted with Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The results show that the oxidation products of atmospheric Chrysene are oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) and nitro-PAHs (NPAHs), including nitro-chrysene, hydroxychrysene, hydroxychrysenone, 11-benzo[a]fluorenone and dialdehydes. Most of the products have deleterious effects on the environment and human beings due to their acute toxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenicity. The overall rate constant for the reaction of Chrysene with OH radical is 4.48 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and the atmospheric lifetime of Chrysene determined by OH radical is 6.4 h. The present work provided a comprehensive understanding on the degradation mechanisms and kinetics of Chrysene, which could help to clarify its atmospheric fate and environmental risks.
Isolation, characterization and optimization of Chrysene degradation using bacteria isolated from oil-contaminated water
Water Sci Technol 2021 Nov;84(10-11):2737-2748.PMID:34850690DOI:10.2166/wst.2021.227.
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are uncharged, non-polar molecules generated from natural and anthropogenic activities, where the emissions from anthropogenic activities predominate. Chrysene is a high molecular weight PAH, which is found to be highly recalcitrant and mutagenic in nature. The aim of this study was to isolate chrysene-degrading microorganisms from oil-contaminated water and to enhance their degradative conditions using design expert. From the various samples collected, 19 bacterial strains were obtained through enrichment culture and the one which showed highest activity was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus halotolerans. Under optimum conditions of 100 mg/L Chrysene concentration, 1,000 mg/L nitrogen source, and pH 6, B. halotolerans exhibited 90% Chrysene degradation on sixth day. Positive results for the enzymes laccase and catechol 1,2 dioxygenase confirmed the ability for Chrysene degradation by the isolated strain. Major metabolic intermediate determined in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis was diisooctyl phthalate. Hence it can be concluded that B. halotolerans can be a promising candidate for the removal of high molecular weight (HMW) hydrocarbons from contaminated environments.
Effect of methylation on the conformer stability and reactivity of the bay-region diol-epoxides of Chrysene
Chem Biol Interact 1985 May;53(3):313-25.PMID:3891118DOI:10.1016/s0009-2797(85)80107-1.
The relative stabilities of conformers of the bay-region tetrahydroepoxide of methylated Chrysene have been calculated. From these calculations on tetrahydroepoxides, one infers that substitution of a methyl group in the same bay-region as the epoxide should destabilize both syn-diaxial and anti-diequatorial bay-region diol-epoxide diastereomers with respect to the syn-diequatorial and anti-diaxial diastereomers. The results of these calculations, together with recent experimental observations, suggest that the enhanced in vivo binding to DNA of the isomer having the methyl group and the epoxide in the same bay-region (1,2-diol-3,4-epoxide of 5-MeC) might be partially due to this destabilization of the syn-diaxial diastereomer. The carbocation delocalization energies associated with epoxide ring opening of the methylated bay-region tetrahydroepoxide isomers of Chrysene are also given.