Phenanthrene
(Synonyms: 菲) 目录号 : GC38668
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Cas No.:85-01-8
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >98.90%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Phenanthrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH).1 It is found in fossil fuels and produced during the combustion of organic material. Phenanthrene accumulates in the environment, is toxic to aquatic species, and is considered a pollutant. It has been used as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pesticides, plastics, and steroids.
1.Waigi, M.G., Kang, F., Goikavi, C., et al.Phenanthrene biodegradation by sphingomonads and its application in the contaminated soils and sediments: A reviewInt. Biodeter. Biodegr.104333-349(2015)
| Cas No. | 85-01-8 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 菲 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | C12=CC=CC=C1C=CC3=CC=CC=C23 | ||
| 分子式 | C14H10 | 分子量 | 178.23 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO: 250 mg/mL (1402.68 mM) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 5.6107 mL | 28.0536 mL | 56.1073 mL |
| 5 mM | 1.1221 mL | 5.6107 mL | 11.2215 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.5611 mL | 2.8054 mL | 5.6107 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
Phenanthrene Dimers: Promising Source of Biologically Active Molecules
Curr Top Med Chem 2022;22(11):939-956.PMID:34392822DOI:10.2174/1568026621666210813113918.
To date, just over a hundred phenanthrenoid dimers have been isolated. Of these, forty-two are completely phenanthrenic in nature. They are isolated from fourteen genera of different plants belonging to only five families, of which Orchidaceae is the most abundant source. Other nine completely acetylated and five methylated dimers were also defined, which were effective in establishing the position of the free hydroxyls of the corresponding natural products, from which they were obtained by semi-synthesis. Structurally, they could be useful chemotaxonomic markers considering that some substituents are typical of a single-family, such as the vinyl group for Juncaceae. From a biogenetic point of view, it is thought that these compounds derive from the radical coupling of the corresponding phenanthrenes or by dehydrogenation of the dihydrophenanthrenoid analogs. Phenanthrenes or dihydroderivatives possess different biological activities, e.g., antiproliferative, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, spasmolytic, anxiolytic, and antialgal effects. The aim of this review is to summarize the occurrence of Phenanthrene dimers in the different natural sources and give a comprehensive overview of their structural characteristics and biological activities.
Biochar Addition Enhances Phenanthrene Fixation in Sediment
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2019 Jul;103(1):163-168.PMID:30600391DOI:10.1007/s00128-018-2521-3.
Biochar is believed to be promising for soil contaminant stabilization due to its large adsorption capacity. However, study in sediment is rare, especially with the aging effect. In the present study, a plant biomass-derived biochar was added to Phenanthrene polluted sediment, in order to investigate its performance in sediment remediation. During the incubation period of 60 days, it was observed that the partition coefficient of Phenanthrene increased in sediment either with or without biochar addition, as a result of aging process. Whilst, the biochar-added sediments showed much higher partition coefficients, as well as more curved adsorption isotherms, suggesting larger retention of the contaminant. Under the extreme extraction by strong surfactant, the release ratio of Phenanthrene from polluted sediment was significantly reduced from 60% to 5% by 0.5% (w/w) addition of biochar. These results suggested that biochar would be applicable for improving the adsorption of organic pollutant in sediment, and the adsorbed organic pollutant would be stably fixed during aging as a result of the increased affinity.
Phenanthrene bioaccumulation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Environ Sci Technol 2015 Feb 3;49(3):1842-50.PMID:25607770DOI:10.1021/es504553t.
The contribution of food to the bioaccumulation of xenobiotics and hence toxicity is still an ambiguous issue. It is becoming more and more evident that universal statements cannot be made, but that the relative contribution of food-associated xenobiotics in bioaccumulation depends on species, substance, and environmental conditions. Yet, small-sized benthic or soil animals such as nematodes have largely been disregarded so far. Bioaccumulation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Phenanthrene in the absence and presence of bacterial food was measured in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Elimination of Phenanthrene in the nematodes was biphasic, suggesting that there was a slowly exchanging pool within the nematodes or that biotransformation of Phenanthrene took place. Even with food present, dissolved Phenanthrene was still the major contributor to bioaccumulated compound in nematode tissues, whereas the diet only contributed about 9%. Toxicokinetic parameters in the treatment without food were different from the ones of the treatment with bacteria, possibly because nematodes depleted their lipid reserves during starvation.
Biodegradation of Phenanthrene by endophytic fungus Phomopsis liquidambari in vitro and in vivo
Chemosphere 2018 Jul;203:160-169.PMID:29614409DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.164.
Phenanthrene, as a widespread polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contaminant in vitro and in vivo of plant, has the characteristics of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity and mutagenicity. This work aimed to explore the Phenanthrene metabolic mechanism by Phomopsis liquidambari in vitro, as well as the bioremediation ability through P. liquidambari-rice combination. This strain was able to use Phenanthrene as source of carbon and energy to grow, more than 77% of added 50 mg L-1 Phenanthrene was removed after 10 d in MSM. We identified the metabolic products via HPLC-MS and proposed two possible degradation pathways. Phenanthrene was firstly combined with oxygen to become Phenanthrene 9,10-oxide, and then degraded to 9-phenanthrol, followed by oxidization to 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene. In addition, that epoxide (Phenanthrene 9,10-oxide) was also hydrolyzed to Phenanthrene trans-9,10-dihydrodiol, and then dehydrogenized to 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene, which was further degraded to 9,10-phenanthrenequinone; during this metabolic pathway, the changes of P450 monooxygenase, epoxide hydrolase, dehydrogenase and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activities and their corresponding gene transcription levels were closely related. What's more, P. liquidambari could combine with rice to eliminate Phenanthrene accumulated in vivo of rice seedlings, and the removal rate in inoculation treatment represented a significant difference (increased 25.68%) compared with uninoculation treatment after cultivation 30 d. Therefore, we concluded that P. liquidambari could not only respond to Phenanthrene pollution stress in vitro but also exert a mitigation effect on plants accumulated Phenanthrene. This work provides a foundation for applying endophytic fungi to PAHs bioremediation in vitro and in vivo.
Novel Phenanthrene-Degrading Bacteria Identified by DNA-Stable Isotope Probing
PLoS One 2015 Jun 22;10(6):e0130846.PMID:26098417DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0130846.
Microorganisms responsible for the degradation of Phenanthrene in a clean forest soil sample were identified by DNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP). The soil was artificially amended with either 12C- or 13C-labeled Phenanthrene, and soil DNA was extracted on days 3, 6 and 9. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) results revealed that the fragments of 219- and 241-bp in HaeIII digests were distributed throughout the gradient profile at three different sampling time points, and both fragments were more dominant in the heavy fractions of the samples exposed to the 13C-labeled contaminant. 16S rRNA sequencing of the 13C-enriched fraction suggested that Acidobacterium spp. within the class Acidobacteria, and Collimonas spp. within the class Betaproteobacteria, were directly involved in the uptake and degradation of Phenanthrene at different times. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the genus Collimonas has the ability to degrade PAHs. Two PAH-RHDα genes were identified in 13C-labeled DNA. However, isolation of pure cultures indicated that strains of Staphylococcus sp. PHE-3, Pseudomonas sp. PHE-1, and Pseudomonas sp. PHE-2 in the soil had high phenanthrene-degrading ability. This emphasizes the role of a culture-independent method in the functional understanding of microbial communities in situ.