Esculin
(Synonyms: 秦皮甲素) 目录号 : GC38708
A coumarin with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities
Cas No.:531-75-9
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
- View current batch:
- Purity: >99.50%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Esculin is a coumarin that has been found in A. hippocastanum and has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.1,2 It reduces the size of gastric ulcers and decreases increases in the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and catalase in a mouse model of ethanol-induced ulcers when used at a dose of 25 mg/kg.1 Esculin (20 mg/kg) decreases LPS-induced increases in the levels of TLR4, MyD88, IRAK4, and phosphorylated NF-?B in the lung, as well as levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in a mouse model of acute lung injury.2
1.Rios, E.R., Rocha, N.F., Ven?ncio, E.T., et al.Mechanisms involved in the gastroprotective activity of esculin on acute gastric lesions in miceChem. Biol. Interact.188(1)246-254(2010) 2.Tianzhu, Z., and Shumin, W.Esculin inhibits the inflammation of LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice via regulation of TLR/NF-κB pathwaysInflammation38(4)1529-1536(2015)
| Cas No. | 531-75-9 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 秦皮甲素 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | O=C1C=CC2=CC(O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O3)O)O)O)=C(O)C=C2O1 | ||
| 分子式 | C15H16O9 | 分子量 | 340.28 |
| 溶解度 | DMSO : 100 mg/mL (293.88 mM; Need ultrasonic) | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| Shipping Condition | 评估样品解决方案：配备蓝冰进行发货。所有其他可用尺寸：配备RT，或根据请求配备蓝冰。 | ||
| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 2.9388 mL | 14.6938 mL | 29.3876 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.5878 mL | 2.9388 mL | 5.8775 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.2939 mL | 1.4694 mL | 2.9388 mL |
| 第一步：请输入基本实验信息（考虑到实验过程中的损耗，建议多配一只动物的药量） | ||||||||||
| 给药剂量 | mg/kg |  |
动物平均体重 | g | |
每只动物给药体积 | ul | |
动物数量 | 只 |
| 第二步：请输入动物体内配方组成（配方适用于不溶于水的药物；不同批次药物配方比例不同，请联系GLPBIO为您提供正确的澄清溶液配方） | ||||||||||
| % DMSO % % Tween 80 % saline | ||||||||||
| 计算重置 | ||||||||||
计算结果:
工作液浓度： mg/ml；
DMSO母液配制方法： mg 药物溶于 μL DMSO溶液（母液浓度 mg/mL，
体内配方配制方法：取 μL DMSO母液，加入 μL PEG300，混匀澄清后加入μL Tween 80，混匀澄清后加入 μL saline，混匀澄清。
1. 首先保证母液是澄清的；
2.
一定要按照顺序依次将溶剂加入，进行下一步操作之前必须保证上一步操作得到的是澄清的溶液，可采用涡旋、超声或水浴加热等物理方法助溶。
3. 以上所有助溶剂都可在 GlpBio 网站选购。
The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of Esculin: A comprehensive review
Phytother Res 2022 Jun;36(6):2434-2448.PMID:35599456DOI:10.1002/ptr.7470.
Cortex fraxini is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Esculin is one of the main active ingredients of Cortex fraxini and has attracted more and more attention from scholars. The purpose of the review is to systematically review relevant studies on the pharmacological effects and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Esculin to support its further application as therapeutic agents. Pharmacological studies have shown that the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects of Esculin are outstanding. This indicates that Esculin is promising to be used to treat a variety of diseases closely related to inflammation and oxidative damage. Esculin has anti-diabetic effect, which is closely related to improving pancreas damage, promoting insulin release, and enhancing glucose homeostasis. In addition, Esculin has anti-cancer, antibiosis, anti-virus, neuroprotection, anti-thrombosis and treating eye diseases properties. Pharmacokinetic studies show that Esculin can be quickly and evenly distributed in the body. However, the first pass effect of Esculin is serious. In short, Esculin is promising to treat many diseases, but further high quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of Esculin.
Esculin protects against methionine choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating the Sirt1/NF- κB p65 pathway
Pharm Biol 2021 Dec;59(1):922-932.PMID:34243681DOI:10.1080/13880209.2021.1945112.
Context: Esculin, an active coumarin compound, has been demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects. However, its potential role in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. Objective: This study explored the hepatoprotective effect and the molecular mechanism of Esculin in methionine choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced NASH. Materials and methods: Fifty C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups: control, model, low dosage Esculin (oral, 20 mg/kg), high dosage Esculin (oral, 40 mg/kg), and silybin (oral, 105 mg/kg). All animals were fed a MCD diet, except those in the control group (control diet), for 6 weeks. Results: Esculin (20 and 40 mg/kg) inhibited MCD diet-induced hepatic lipid content (triglyceride: 16.95 ± 0.67 and 14.85 ± 0.78 vs. 21.21 ± 1.13 mg/g; total cholesterol: 5.10 ± 0.34 and 4.08 ± 0.47 vs. 7.31 ± 0.58 mg/g), fibrosis, and inflammation (ALT: 379.61 ± 40.30 and 312.72 ± 21.45 vs. 559.51 ± 37.01 U/L; AST: 428.22 ± 34.29 and 328.23 ± 23.21 vs. 579.36 ± 31.93 U/L). In vitro, Esculin reduced tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, fibronectin, and collagen 4A1 levels, but had no effect on lipid levels in HepG2 cells induced by free fatty acid. Esculin increased Sirt1 expression levels and decreased NF-κB acetylation levels in vivo and in vitro. Interfering with Sirt1 expression attenuated the beneficial effect of Esculin on inflammatory and fibrotic factor production in HepG2 cells. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that Esculin ameliorates MCD diet-induced NASH by regulating the Sirt1/ac-NF-κB signalling pathway. Esculin could thus be employed as a therapy for NASH.
Esculin prevents Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine-induced acute liver injury in mice
Microb Pathog 2018 Dec;125:418-422.PMID:30290266DOI:10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.003.
Liver injury is an important cause of serious liver disease and is characterized by inflammatory and oxidative responses. Esculin, a coumarinic derivative found in Aesculus hippocastanum L., has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects. Here, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanism of Esculin on Lipopolysaccharide/D-Galactosamine (LPS/D-Gal)-induced acute liver injury. A mouse model for acute liver injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection with D-Gal and LPS, and was assessed by histology, and serum transaminase analyses. The results showed that Esculin significantly reduced the pathological symptoms of acute liver injury, as well as serum AST and ALT levels. LPS/D-Gal-induced liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were also suppressed by Esculin. Furthermore, LPS/D-Gal-induced liver tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production were attenuated by Esculin. Our data demonstrate that Esculin can inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation as well as increase nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. In conclusion, this paper demonstrates that Esculin protects liver injury induced by LPS/D-Gal via inhibiting inflammatory and oxidative responses.
Molecular interactions of Esculin with bovine serum albumin and recognition of binding sites with spectroscopy and molecular docking
J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022 Feb 9;1-15.PMID:35139760DOI:10.1080/07391102.2022.2036238.
Esculin is structurally a hydroxycoumarin found in various medicinal plants. This study investigates the binding mode of Esculin with bovine serum albumin by employing numerous spectroscopic studies and molecular docking approaches. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy revealed ground state complex formation between Esculin and bovine serum albumin. At the same time, steady-state fluorescence studies showed quenching in the fluorescence emission spectra of BSA in the presence of Esculin. To get insight into the location of the binding pocket of Esculin on BSA, warfarin and ibuprofen site markers were used. Competitive site marker displacement assay revealed that Esculin binds to Sudlow's site I (subdomain IIA) in bovine serum albumin. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction stabilizes the esculin-BSA complex. Förster's non-radiation energy transfer analysis described the high propensity of energy transfer between bovine serum albumin and Esculin. The molecular docking approach facilitated locating the binding pocket, amino acid residues involved, types of interacting forces, and binding energy (ΔG) between Esculin and BSA. Circular dichroism revealed the effect of the binding of Esculin on the secondary structure and helped understand the thermal unfolding profile of BSA in the presence of Esculin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarm.
Esculin hydrolysis by Enterobacteriaceae
J Clin Microbiol 1977 Aug;6(2):111-6.PMID:330558DOI:10.1128/jcm.6.2.111-116.1977.
Literature reports disagree concerning Esculin hydrolysis in the family Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 2,490 strains of the family were investigated for Esculin hydrolysis by two methods, the Esculin spot test and the PathoTec incubation strip, which measures constitutive enzyme, and five growth-supporting methods, which determine both constitutive and inducible enzymes. The five growth-supporting media studied were: Vaughn-Levine, the standard Esculin hydrolysis medium (P. R. Edwards and W. H. Ewing, Identification of Enterobacteriaceae, 3rd ed., 1972); Vaughn-Levine without iron; Vaughn-Levine without Andrade's indicator; and bile-esculin medium. Growth media were incubated at 35 degrees C and checked every 24 h for 120 h. On growth media, 0.3% of Escherichia coli were positive in 24 h, 34% in 48 h, and 61% in 120 h. No strains were positive on the "nongrowth" tests. It appeared that the Esculin hydrolysis enzyme(s) of E. coli was inducible rather than constitutive. All Esculin hydrolyzers, which yielded positive tests on "constitutive tests" and 24-h tests, were limited to the genera Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Serratia and species of Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri, and Citrobacter diversus. When used with standardized inoculum size and incubation time, the Esculin hydrolysis test is very useful for differentiation within the family Enterobacteriaceae.