Alaproclate (hydrochloride)
(Synonyms: 阿拉丙酯盐酸盐) 目录号 : GC45378An SSRI
Cas No.:60719-83-7
Sample solution is provided at 25 µL, 10mM.
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Quality Control & SDS
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- Purity: >95.00%
- COA (Certificate Of Analysis)
- SDS (Safety Data Sheet)
- Datasheet
Alaproclate is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).1,2 It inhibits depletion of serotonin (5-HT) induced by 4-methyl-α-ethyl-m-tyramine in rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum (EC50s = 18, 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg, respectively).1 Alaproclate inhibits NMDA-evoked currents and depolarization-induced voltage-dependent potassium currents in rat hippocampal neurons (IC50s = 1.1 and 6.9 μM, respectively) and does not inhibit GABA-evoked currents when used at concentrations up to 100 μM.2 It increases sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) levels in N2a murine neuroblastoma cells expressing apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4; IC50 = 2.3 μM) and in the hippocampus in the FXFAD-ApoE4 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease when administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg twice daily.3 Alaproclate (40 mg/kg) decreases immobility time in the forced swim test in rats, indicating antidepressant-like activity.4
References
1. Michael, G.B., Eidam, C., Kadlec, K., et al. Increased MICs of gamithromycin and tildipirosin in the presence of the genes erm(42) and msr(E)-mph(E) for bovine Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 67(6), 1555-1557 (2012).
2. Svensson, B.E., Werkman, T.R., and Rogawski, M.A. Alaproclate effects on voltage-dependent K+ channels and NMDA receptors: Studies in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and fibroblast cells transformed with Kv1.2 K+ channel cDNA. Neuropharmacology 33(6), 795-804 (1994).
3. Campagna, J., Soilman, P., Jagodzinska, B., et al. A small molecule ApoE4-targeted therapeutic candidate that normalizes sirtuin 1 levels and improves cognition in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 17574 (2018).
4. Danysz, W.P., A., Kostowski, W., Malatynska, E., et al. Comparison of desipramine, amitriptyline, zimeldine and alaproclate in six animal models used to investigate antidepressant drugs. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 62(1), 42-50 (1988).
| Cas No. | 60719-83-7 | SDF | |
| 别名 | 阿拉丙酯盐酸盐 | ||
| Canonical SMILES | CC(C(OC(C)(CC1=CC=C(C=C1)Cl)C)=O)N.Cl | ||
| 分子式 | C13H18ClNO2.HCl | 分子量 | 292.2 |
| 溶解度 | Water: soluble | 储存条件 | Store at -20°C |
| General tips | 请根据产品在不同溶剂中的溶解度选择合适的溶剂配制储备液；一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。 储备液的保存方式和期限：-80°C 储存时，请在 6 个月内使用，-20°C 储存时，请在 1 个月内使用。 为了提高溶解度，请将管子加热至37℃，然后在超声波浴中震荡一段时间。 |
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| 制备储备液 | |||
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1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg |
| 1 mM | 3.4223 mL | 17.1116 mL | 34.2231 mL |
| 5 mM | 0.6845 mL | 3.4223 mL | 6.8446 mL |
| 10 mM | 0.3422 mL | 1.7112 mL | 3.4223 mL |
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2.
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Alaproclate acts as a potent, reversible and noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor coupled ion flow
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994 Dec;271(3):1314-9.PMID:7996440doi
We studied the effect of Alaproclate [2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl 2-aminopropanoate] on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced changes in membrane potential and intracellular free Ca++ in cerebellar granule cells by using the fluorescent indicators DiBaC4(3) and fura-2, respectively. The NMDA-induced responses were blocked by the 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake blocker Alaproclate in a noncompetitive manner with an IC50 value of 0.3 microM. The effect of Alaproclate was stereoselective because the S-(-)-enantiomer was more potent than the R-(+)-enantiomer. The inhibitory response was rapidly reversed if Alaproclate was removed by perfusion. The same was the case with the reversible noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists dextromethorphan, dextrorphan, amitriptyline and desipramine. The inhibition caused by the noncompetitive antagonist dizolcipine could not be reversed by perfusion. The glycine-sensitivity of the NMDA response was unaffected by Alaproclate, and high concentrations of glycine were unable to reverse the inhibition of Alaproclate. Alaproclate also did not affect the sensitivity of the responses to Mg++. The results suggest that Alaproclate, which has previously been in clinical trials for depressive illness, acts as a reversible noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor.
Influence of Alaproclate on antipyrine metabolite formation in man
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1984;27(4):447-52.PMID:6519152DOI:10.1007/BF00549593.
Alaproclate, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, presently undergoing clinical trial for the treatment of major depressive disorders, has been shown to inhibit hexobarbital metabolism in mice. In the present study the influence of oral Alaproclate on the total plasma clearance of antipyrine and on the formation of its metabolites was investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. The peak level of Alaproclate was reached after about 1.5 h, and after a distribution phase, its plasma elimination half-life was between 3.0 and 3.5 h. Antipyrine tests were performed before treatment, during the first four doses and after the seventh dose of Alaproclate 200 mg/day. During treatment, total plasma antipyrine clearance and the clearance for production of all antipyrine metabolites were reduced by 30%, indicating non-selective inhibition of oxidative drug-metabolizing enzyme activity in man by Alaproclate. After the last dose of Alaproclate, antipyrine plasma clearance and the clearance to its metabolites returned to control values. In order to allow more detailed evaluation of the results, the time course of the clearances for production of metabolites was investigated. This revealed that the extent of inhibition of metabolite formation by Alaproclate was dependent on the plasma Alaproclate level, indicating a rapidly reversible inhibition.
Further studies on the high-affinity binding of 3H-alaproclate to membranes from rat liver and some other tissues
Pharmacol Toxicol 1990 Mar;66(3):170-5.PMID:2333272DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1990.tb00727.x.
The high affinity binding of 3H-alaproclate to membranes in liver homogenates from naive rats and those treated with phenobarbital sodium, 75 mg/kg intraperitoneally, Alaproclate hydrochloride, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally proadifen hydrochloride, 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily for 7 days and killed 24 hr after the last injection was examined. The treatment increased the normal number of Alaproclate binding sites (Bmax: 1.1 nmol/g tissue, KD: 0.6 nM) by factors of about 10, 4 and 6, respectively. About 80% of the binding was localized to the microsomal fraction in both normal and phenobarbital treated rats. Ninety % of the Alaproclate displaceable binding in a microsomal preparation of the normal liver was inhibited by low (nM) concentrations of proadifen whereas only about 20% in the liver preparations from phenobarbital treated rats was inhibited by low concentrations of proadifen. Thus, the main part of the induced binding sites was insensitive to proadifen. The same was found for the Alaproclate and proadifen-induced Alaproclate binding sites. The stereoselectivity of Alaproclate enantiomers for binding to the normal and the induced binding sites was different: the S-(-) form was 100 times more potent than the R-(+)- enantiomer in inhibiting binding of racemic Alaproclate to the normal sites, whereas the latter form was 3 times more potent than the former in inhibiting the binding to the phenobarbital-induced proadifen insensitive binding sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Alaproclate, a new selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor with therapeutic potential in depression and senile dementia
J Neural Transm 1984;59(4):265-88.PMID:6205120DOI:10.1007/BF01255596.
Alaproclate, a new specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, was examined for its action on several receptors in the brain, for its action on the NA, DA and 5-HT uptake mechanisms in vivo and for its action on brain biogenic amine content. Alaproclate was practically devoid of action on a number of receptors as examined in binding studies in vitro: 5-HT, histamine-H1, alpha 1, -alpha 2-adrenergic and dopamine D2 receptors. Alaproclate had also a weak affinity for 3H-norzimeldine binding sites in contrast to imipramine. Unlike the tricyclic antidepressants Alaproclate had a negligible action on muscarinic receptors and failed to block muscarinic induced stimulation in vivo. Contrary to clomipramine Alaproclate failed to block NA uptake in vivo. Alaproclate was found to display a regional selectivity in blocking 5-HT uptake in vivo (measured with the H 75/12-method). The compound was most potent in the hippocampus and hypothalamus followed by striatum and cerebral cortex with a low potency in the spinal cord. The results are discussed in relation to a previously presented carrier site model for serotonin reuptake.
Alaproclate effects on voltage-dependent K+ channels and NMDA receptors: studies in cultured rat hippocampal neurons and fibroblast cells transformed with Kv1.2 K+ channel cDNA
Neuropharmacology 1994 Jun;33(6):795-804.PMID:7936117DOI:10.1016/0028-3908(94)90119-8.
The effects of Alaproclate on voltage-dependent K+ currents and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor currents were investigated in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using whole-cell voltage clamp recording techniques. Alaproclate produced a concentration-dependent block of the sustained voltage-dependent K+ current activated by depolarization from -60 to +40 mV (IC50, 6.9 microM). At similar concentrations Alaproclate also blocked the sustained voltage-dependent K+ current in fibroblast cells transformed to stably express Kv1.2 K+ channels. Analysis of tail currents and the voltage-dependence of the Alaproclate block suggested an open-channel blocking mechanism. Alaproclate also produced a potent block of NMDA receptor currents in hippocampal neurons (IC50, 1.1 microM), but did not affect GABAA receptor currents (concentrations up to 100 microM). The Alaproclate block of NMDA receptors occurred predominantly by an open-channel mechanism, although the drug was also able to block closed NMDA channels at a much slower rate. The interaction of Alaproclate with NMDA receptors (activated by 10 microM NMDA) appeared to be governed by a first order binding reaction with forward and reverse rate constants of 6.7 x 10(3) M-1 s-1, and 0.025 sec-1, respectively (at -60 mV). At depolarized potentials the alaproclate-induced block of the NMDA receptor current was strongly reduced, a result opposite to that seen with the voltage-activated K+ currents, suggesting that the K+ channel block may occur at a superficial internal site, whereas the NMDA receptor block occurs at a deep external site. (+)-Alaproclate was a more potent blocker of K+ currents than (-)-alaproclate, whereas a reversed stereoselectivity was observed for NMDA receptor current, supporting the view that Alaproclate block of the two channel types occurs at structurally distinct binding sites.